Android开源框架源码分析:Okhttp
<p>文章目录</p> <ul> <li>一 请求与响应流程 <ul> <li>1.1 请求的封装</li> <li>1.2 请求的发送</li> <li>1.3 请求的调度</li> </ul> </li> <li>二 拦截器 <ul> <li>2.1 RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor</li> <li>2.2 BridgeInterceptor</li> <li>2.3 CacheInterceptor</li> <li>2.4 ConnectInterceptor</li> <li>2.5 CallServerInterceptor</li> </ul> </li> <li>三 连接机制 <ul> <li>3.1 建立连接</li> <li>3.2 连接池</li> </ul> </li> <li>四 缓存机制 <ul> <li>4.1 缓存策略</li> <li>4.2 缓存管理</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>更多Android开源框架源码分析文章请参见 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959756873641724430" rel="nofollow,noindex">Android open framwork analysis</a> 。</p> <p>在Android刀耕火种的哪个年代,我们做网络请求通常会选用HttpURLConnection或者Apache HTTP Client,这两者均支持HTTPS、流的上传和下载、配置超时和连接池等特性,但随着业务场景的负责化以及 对流量消耗的优化需求,Okhttp应运而生,自诞生起,口碑就一直很好。</p> <p>但是,大家都说好,好在哪里?既然这么好,它的设计理念和实现思路有哪些值得我们学习的地方?��</p> <p>今天就带着这些问题,一探究竟。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">An HTTP+HTTP/2 client for Android and Java applications. </code></pre> <p>官方网站: <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4958964956476581901" rel="nofollow,noindex">https://github.com/square/okhttp</a></p> <p>源码版本:3.9.1</p> <p>在正式分析源码之前,我们先来看个简单的小例子,从例子入手,逐步分析Okhttp的实现。</p> <p>:point_right: 举例</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .build(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .build(); okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) { } @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException { } });</code></pre> <p>在上面的例子中,我们构建了一个客户端OkHttpClient和一个请求Request,然后调用newCall()方法将请求发送了出去。从这个小例子中,我们可以发现 OkHttpClient相当于是个上下文或者说是大管家,它接到我们给的任务以后,将具体的工作分发到各个子系统中去完成。</p> <p>Okhttp的子系统层级结构图如下所示:</p> <p>:point_right: 点击图片查看大图</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/bba943234fd087b883205e5d533fd40a.png"></p> <ul> <li>网络配置层:利用Builder模式配置各种参数,例如:超时时间、拦截器等,这些参数都会由Okhttp分发给各个需要的子系统。</li> <li>重定向层:负责重定向。</li> <li>Header拼接层:负责把用户构造的请求转换为发送给服务器的请求,把服务器返回的响应转换为对用户友好的响应。</li> <li>HTTP缓存层:负责读取缓存以及更新缓存。</li> <li>连接层:连接层是一个比较复杂的层级,它实现了网络协议、内部的拦截器、安全性认证,连接与连接池等功能,但这一层还没有发起真正的连接,它只是做了连接器一些参数的处理。</li> <li>数据响应层:负责从服务器读取响应的数据。</li> </ul> <p>在整个Okhttp的系统中,我们还要理解以下几个关键角色:</p> <ul> <li>OkHttpClient:通信的客户端,用来统一管理发起请求与解析响应。</li> <li>Call:Call是一个接口,它是HTTP请求的抽象描述,具体实现类是RealCall,它由CallFactory创建。</li> <li>Request:请求,封装请求的具体信息,例如:url、header等。</li> <li>RequestBody:请求体,用来提交流、表单等请求信息。</li> <li>Response:HTTP请求的响应,获取响应信息,例如:响应header等。</li> <li>ResponseBody:HTTP请求的响应体,被读取一次以后就会关闭,所以我们重复调用responseBody.string()获取请求结果是会报错的。</li> <li>Interceptor:Interceptor是请求拦截器,负责拦截并处理请求,它将网络请求、缓存、透明压缩等功能都统一起来,每个功能都是一个Interceptor,所有的Interceptor最 终连接成一个Interceptor.Chain。典型的责任链模式实现。</li> <li>StreamAllocation:用来控制Connections与Streas的资源分配与释放。</li> <li>RouteSelector:选择路线与自动重连。</li> <li>RouteDatabase:记录连接失败的Route黑名单。</li> </ul> <p>我们首先来分析连接的请求与响应流程,这样我们就可以对整个Okhttp系统有一个整体的认识。</p> <h2>一 请求与响应流程</h2> <p>Okhttp的整个请求与响应的流程就是Dispatcher不断从Request Queue里取出请求(Call),根据是否已经存存缓存,从内存缓存或者服务器获取请求的数据,请求分为同步和异步两种,同步请求通过</p> <p>调用Call.exectute()方法直接返回当前请求的Response,异步请求调用Call.enqueue()方法将请求(AsyncCall)添加到请求队列中去,并通过回调(Callback)获取服务器返回的结果。</p> <p>一图胜千言,我们来看一下整个的流程图,如下所示:</p> <p>:point_right: 点击图片查看大图</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/66620fbc64d73814638a58a2306a1ad7.png"></p> <p>读者仔细看一下这个流程图,是不是很像计算机网络的OSI七层模型,Okhttp正式采用这种思路,利用拦截器Interceptor将整套框架纵向分层,简化了设计逻辑,提升了框架扩展性。</p> <p>通过上面的流程图,我们可以知道在整个请求与响应流程中,以下几点是我们需要重点关注的:</p> <ul> <li>Dispatcher是如何进行请求调度的?</li> <li>各个拦截器是如何实现的?</li> <li>连接与连接池是如何建立和维护的?</li> </ul> <p>带着以上问题,我们去源码中一探究竟。</p> <p>我们先来看一下具体的函数调用链,请求与响应的序列图如下所示:</p> <p>:point_right: 点击图片查看大图</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/085fe0ec5fb170538b59cfc5d2e26aaa.png"></p> <p>上述序列图可以帮助我们理解整个请求与响应流程的具体细节,我们首先来看一下一个请求和如何被封装并发出的。</p> <h3>1.1 请求的封装</h3> <p>请求是由Okhttp发出,真正的请求都被封装了在了接口Call的实现类RealCall中,如下所示:</p> <p>Call接口如下所示:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public interface Call extends Cloneable { //返回当前请求 Request request(); //同步请求方法,此方法会阻塞当前线程知道请求结果放回 Response execute() throws IOException; //异步请求方法,此方法会将请求添加到队列中,然后等待请求返回 void enqueue(Callback responseCallback); //取消请求 void cancel(); //请求是否在执行,当execute()或者enqueue(Callback responseCallback)执行后该方法返回true boolean isExecuted(); //请求是否被取消 boolean isCanceled(); //创建一个新的一模一样的请求 Call clone(); interface Factory { Call newCall(Request request); } }</code></pre> <p>RealCall的构造方法如下所示:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">final class RealCall implements Call { private RealCall(OkHttpClient client, Request originalRequest, boolean forWebSocket) { //我们构建的OkHttpClient,用来传递参数 this.client = client; this.originalRequest = originalRequest; //是不是WebSocket请求,WebSocket是用来建立长连接的,后面我们会说。 this.forWebSocket = forWebSocket; //构建RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor拦截器 this.retryAndFollowUpInterceptor = new RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(client, forWebSocket); } }</code></pre> <p>RealCall实现了Call接口,它封装了请求的调用,这个构造函数的逻辑也很简单:赋值外部传入的OkHttpClient、Request与forWebSocket,并</p> <p>创建了重试与重定向拦截器RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor。</p> <h3>1.2 请求的发送</h3> <p>RealCall将请求分为两种:</p> <ul> <li>同步请求</li> <li>异步请求</li> </ul> <p>异步请求只是比同步请求多了个Callback,分别调用的方法如下所示:</p> <p>异步请求</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">final class RealCall implements Call { @Override public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) { synchronized (this) { if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed"); executed = true; } captureCallStackTrace(); client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback)); } }</code></pre> <p>同步请求</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">final class RealCall implements Call { @Override public Response execute() throws IOException { synchronized (this) { if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed"); executed = true; } captureCallStackTrace(); try { client.dispatcher().executed(this); Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain(); if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled"); return result; } finally { client.dispatcher().finished(this); } } }</code></pre> <p>从上面实现可以看出,不管是同步请求还是异步请求都是Dispatcher在处理:</p> <ul> <li>同步请求:直接执行,并返回请求结果</li> <li>异步请求:构造一个AsyncCall,并将自己加入处理队列中。</li> </ul> <p>AsyncCall本质上是一个Runable,Dispatcher会调度ExecutorService来执行这些Runable。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable { private final Callback responseCallback; AsyncCall(Callback responseCallback) { super("OkHttp %s", redactedUrl()); this.responseCallback = responseCallback; } String host() { return originalRequest.url().host(); } Request request() { return originalRequest; } RealCall get() { return RealCall.this; } @Override protected void execute() { boolean signalledCallback = false; try { Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain(); if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) { signalledCallback = true; responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled")); } else { signalledCallback = true; responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response); } } catch (IOException e) { if (signalledCallback) { // Do not signal the callback twice! Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e); } else { responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e); } } finally { client.dispatcher().finished(this); } } }</code></pre> <p>从上面代码可以看出,不管是同步请求还是异步请求最后都会通过getResponseWithInterceptorChain()获取Response,只不过异步请求多了个线程调度,异步 执行的过程。</p> <p>我们先来来看看Dispatcher里的实现。</p> <h3>1.3 请求的调度</h3> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class Dispatcher { private int maxRequests = 64; private int maxRequestsPerHost = 5; /** Ready async calls in the order they'll be run. */ private final Deque<AsyncCall> readyAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>(); /** Running asynchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */ private final Deque<AsyncCall> runningAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>(); /** Running synchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */ private final Deque<RealCall> runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>(); /** Used by {@code Call#execute} to signal it is in-flight. */ synchronized void executed(RealCall call) { runningSyncCalls.add(call); } synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) { //正在运行的异步请求不得超过64,同一个host下的异步请求不得超过5个 if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) { runningAsyncCalls.add(call); executorService().execute(call); } else { readyAsyncCalls.add(call); } } }</code></pre> <p>Dispatcher是一个任务调度器,它内部维护了三个双端队列:</p> <ul> <li>readyAsyncCalls:准备运行的异步请求</li> <li>runningAsyncCalls:正在运行的异步请求</li> <li>runningSyncCalls:正在运行的同步请求</li> </ul> <p>记得异步请求与同步骑牛,并利用ExecutorService来调度执行AsyncCall。</p> <p>同步请求就直接把请求添加到正在运行的同步请求队列runningSyncCalls中,异步请求会做个判断:</p> <p>如果正在运行的异步请求不超过64,而且同一个host下的异步请求不得超过5个则将请求添加到正在运行的同步请求队列中runningAsyncCalls并开始 执行请求,否则就添加到readyAsyncCalls继续等待。</p> <p>讲完Dispatcher里的实现,我们继续来看getResponseWithInterceptorChain()的实现,这个方法才是真正发起请求并处理请求的地方。</p> <h3>1.4 请求的处理</h3> <pre> <code class="language-java">final class RealCall implements Call { Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException { // Build a full stack of interceptors. List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>(); //这里可以看出,我们自定义的Interceptor会被优先执行 interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors()); //添加重试和重定向烂机器 interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor); interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar())); interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache())); interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client)); if (!forWebSocket) { interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors()); } interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket)); Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain( interceptors, null, null, null, 0, originalRequest); return chain.proceed(originalRequest); } }</code></pre> <p>短短几行代码,完成了对请求的所有处理过程,Interceptor将网络请求、缓存、透明压缩等功能统一了起来,它的实现采用责任链模式,各司其职, 每个功能都是一个Interceptor,上一级处理完成以后传递给下一级,它们最后连接成了一个Interceptor.Chain。它们的功能如下:</p> <ul> <li>RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor:负责重定向。</li> <li>BridgeInterceptor:负责把用户构造的请求转换为发送给服务器的请求,把服务器返回的响应转换为对用户友好的响应。</li> <li>CacheInterceptor:负责读取缓存以及更新缓存。</li> <li>ConnectInterceptor:负责与服务器建立连接。</li> <li>CallServerInterceptor:负责从服务器读取响应的数据。</li> </ul> <p>位置决定功能,位置靠前的先执行,最后一个则复制与服务器通讯,请求从RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor开始层层传递到CallServerInterceptor,每一层 都对请求做相应的处理,处理的结构再从CallServerInterceptor层层返回给RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor,最红请求的发起者获得了服务器返回的结果。</p> <p>以上便是Okhttp整个请求与响应的具体流程,可以发现拦截器才是Okhttp核心功能所在,我们来逐一分析每个拦截器的实现。</p> <h2>二 拦截器</h2> <p>从上面的流程可以看出,各个环节都是由相应的拦截器进行处理,所有的拦截器(包括我们自定义的)都实现了Interceptor接口,如下所示:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public interface Interceptor { Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException; interface Chain { Request request(); Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException; //返回Request执行后返回的连接 @Nullable Connection connection(); } }</code></pre> <p>Okhttp内置的拦截器如下所示:</p> <ul> <li>RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor:负责失败重试以及重定向。</li> <li>BridgeInterceptor:负责把用户构造的请求转换为发送给服务器的请求,把服务器返回的响应转换为对用户友好的响应。</li> <li>CacheInterceptor:负责读取缓存以及更新缓存。</li> <li>ConnectInterceptor:负责与服务器建立连接。</li> <li>CallServerInterceptor:负责从服务器读取响应的数据。</li> </ul> <p>我们继续来看看RealInterceptorChain里是怎么一级级处理的。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class RealInterceptorChain implements Interceptor.Chain { public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec, RealConnection connection) throws IOException { if (index >= interceptors.size()) throw new AssertionError(); calls++; // If we already have a stream, confirm that the incoming request will use it. if (this.httpCodec != null && !this.connection.supportsUrl(request.url())) { throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1) + " must retain the same host and port"); } // If we already have a stream, confirm that this is the only call to chain.proceed(). if (this.httpCodec != null && calls > 1) { throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1) + " must call proceed() exactly once"); } // Call the next interceptor in the chain. RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain( interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection, index + 1, request); Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index); Response response = interceptor.intercept(next); // Confirm that the next interceptor made its required call to chain.proceed(). if (httpCodec != null && index + 1 < interceptors.size() && next.calls != 1) { throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptor + " must call proceed() exactly once"); } // Confirm that the intercepted response isn't null. if (response == null) { throw new NullPointerException("interceptor " + interceptor + " returned null"); } return response; } }</code></pre> <p>这个方法比较有意思,在调用proceed方法之后,会继续构建一个新的RealInterceptorChain对象,调用下一个interceptor来继续请求,直到所有interceptor都处理完毕,将 得到的response返回。</p> <p>每个拦截器的方法都遵循这样的规则:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { Request request = chain.request(); //1 Request阶段,该拦截器在Request阶段负责做的事情 //2 调用RealInterceptorChain.proceed(),其实是在递归调用下一个拦截器的intercept()方法 response = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null); //3 Response阶段,完成了该拦截器在Response阶段负责做的事情,然后返回到上一层的拦截器。 return response; } }</code></pre> <p>从上面的描述可知,Request是按照interpretor的顺序正向处理,而Response是逆向处理的。这参考了OSI七层模型的原理。上面我们也提到过。CallServerInterceptor相当于最底层的物理层, 请求从上到逐层包装下发,响应从下到上再逐层包装返回。很漂亮的设计。</p> <p>interceptor的执行顺序:RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor -> BridgeInterceptor -> CacheInterceptor -> ConnectInterceptor -> CallServerInterceptor。</p> <h2>2.1 RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor</h2> <p>RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor负责失败重试以及重定向。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor implements Interceptor { private static final int MAX_FOLLOW_UPS = 20; @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { Request request = chain.request(); //1. 构建一个StreamAllocation对象,StreamAllocation相当于是个管理类,维护了 //Connections、Streams和Calls之间的管理,该类初始化一个Socket连接对象,获取输入/输出流对象。 streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation( client.connectionPool(), createAddress(request.url()), callStackTrace); //重定向次数 int followUpCount = 0; Response priorResponse = null; while (true) { if (canceled) { streamAllocation.release(); throw new IOException("Canceled"); } Response response = null; boolean releaseConnection = true; try { //2. 继续执行下一个Interceptor,即BridgeInterceptor response = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null); releaseConnection = false; } catch (RouteException e) { //3. 抛出异常,则检测连接是否还可以继续。 if (!recover(e.getLastConnectException(), false, request)) { throw e.getLastConnectException(); } releaseConnection = false; continue; } catch (IOException e) { // 和服务端建立连接失败 boolean requestSendStarted = !(e instanceof ConnectionShutdownException); if (!recover(e, requestSendStarted, request)) throw e; releaseConnection = false; continue; } finally { //检测到其他未知异常,则释放连接和资源 if (releaseConnection) { streamAllocation.streamFailed(null); streamAllocation.release(); } } //构建响应体,这个响应体的body为空。 if (priorResponse != null) { response = response.newBuilder() .priorResponse(priorResponse.newBuilder() .body(null) .build()) .build(); } //4。根据响应码处理请求,返回Request不为空时则进行重定向处理。 Request followUp = followUpRequest(response); if (followUp == null) { if (!forWebSocket) { streamAllocation.release(); } return response; } closeQuietly(response.body()); //重定向的次数不能超过20次 if (++followUpCount > MAX_FOLLOW_UPS) { streamAllocation.release(); throw new ProtocolException("Too many follow-up requests: " + followUpCount); } if (followUp.body() instanceof UnrepeatableRequestBody) { streamAllocation.release(); throw new HttpRetryException("Cannot retry streamed HTTP body", response.code()); } if (!sameConnection(response, followUp.url())) { streamAllocation.release(); streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation( client.connectionPool(), createAddress(followUp.url()), callStackTrace); } else if (streamAllocation.codec() != null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Closing the body of " + response + " didn't close its backing stream. Bad interceptor?"); } request = followUp; priorResponse = response; } } }</code></pre> <p>我们先来说说StreamAllocation这个类的作用,这个类协调了三个实体类的关系:</p> <ul> <li>Connections:连接到远程服务器的物理套接字,这个套接字连接可能比较慢,所以它有一套取消机制。</li> <li>Streams:定义了逻辑上的HTTP请求/响应对,每个连接都定义了它们可以携带的最大并发流,HTTP/1.x每次只可以携带一个,HTTP/2每次可以携带多个。</li> <li>Calls:定义了流的逻辑序列,这个序列通常是一个初始请求以及它的重定向请求,对于同一个连接,我们通常将所有流都放在一个调用中,以此来统一它们的行为。</li> </ul> <p>我们再来看看整个方法的流程:</p> <ol> <li>构建一个StreamAllocation对象,StreamAllocation相当于是个管理类,维护了Connections、Streams和Calls之间的管理,该类初始化一个Socket连接对象,获取输入/输出流对象。</li> <li>继续执行下一个Interceptor,即BridgeInterceptor</li> <li> <p>抛出异常,则检测连接是否还可以继续,以下情况不会重试:</p> </li> <li> <p>客户端配置出错不再重试</p> </li> <li>出错后,request body不能再次发送</li> <li>发生以下Exception也无法恢复连接: <ul> <li>ProtocolException:协议异常</li> <li>InterruptedIOException:中断异常</li> <li>SSLHandshakeException:SSL握手异常</li> <li>SSLPeerUnverifiedException:SSL握手未授权异常</li> </ul> </li> <li>没有更多线路可以选择 4。根据响应码处理请求,返回Request不为空时则进行重定向处理,重定向的次数不能超过20次。</li> </ol> <p>最后是根据响应码来处理请求头,由followUpRequest()方法完成,具体如下所示:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor implements Interceptor { private Request followUpRequest(Response userResponse) throws IOException { if (userResponse == null) throw new IllegalStateException(); Connection connection = streamAllocation.connection(); Route route = connection != null ? connection.route() : null; int responseCode = userResponse.code(); final String method = userResponse.request().method(); switch (responseCode) { //407,代理认证 case HTTP_PROXY_AUTH: Proxy selectedProxy = route != null ? route.proxy() : client.proxy(); if (selectedProxy.type() != Proxy.Type.HTTP) { throw new ProtocolException("Received HTTP_PROXY_AUTH (407) code while not using proxy"); } return client.proxyAuthenticator().authenticate(route, userResponse); //401,未经认证 case HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED: return client.authenticator().authenticate(route, userResponse); //307,308 case HTTP_PERM_REDIRECT: case HTTP_TEMP_REDIRECT: // "If the 307 or 308 status code is received in response to a request other than GET // or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request" if (!method.equals("GET") && !method.equals("HEAD")) { return null; } // fall-through //300,301,302,303 case HTTP_MULT_CHOICE: case HTTP_MOVED_PERM: case HTTP_MOVED_TEMP: case HTTP_SEE_OTHER: //客户端在配置中是否允许重定向 if (!client.followRedirects()) return null; String location = userResponse.header("Location"); if (location == null) return null; HttpUrl url = userResponse.request().url().resolve(location); // url为null,不允许重定向 if (url == null) return null; //查询是否存在http与https之间的重定向 boolean sameScheme = url.scheme().equals(userResponse.request().url().scheme()); if (!sameScheme && !client.followSslRedirects()) return null; // Most redirects don't include a request body. Request.Builder requestBuilder = userResponse.request().newBuilder(); if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(method)) { final boolean maintainBody = HttpMethod.redirectsWithBody(method); if (HttpMethod.redirectsToGet(method)) { requestBuilder.method("GET", null); } else { RequestBody requestBody = maintainBody ? userResponse.request().body() : null; requestBuilder.method(method, requestBody); } if (!maintainBody) { requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding"); requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length"); requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Type"); } } // When redirecting across hosts, drop all authentication headers. This // is potentially annoying to the application layer since they have no // way to retain them. if (!sameConnection(userResponse, url)) { requestBuilder.removeHeader("Authorization"); } return requestBuilder.url(url).build(); //408,超时 case HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT: // 408's are rare in practice, but some servers like HAProxy use this response code. The // spec says that we may repeat the request without modifications. Modern browsers also // repeat the request (even non-idempotent ones.) if (userResponse.request().body() instanceof UnrepeatableRequestBody) { return null; } return userResponse.request(); default: return null; } } }</code></pre> <p>重定向会涉及到一些网络编程的知识,这里如果没有完成理解,你只要知道RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor的作用就是处理了一些连接异常以及重定向就可以了。我们接着来看看下一个BridgeInterceptor。</p> <h2>2.2 BridgeInterceptor</h2> <p>BridgeInterceptor就跟它的名字那样,它是一个连接桥,它负责把用户构造的请求转换为发送给服务器的请求,把服务器返回的响应转换为对用户友好的响应。</p> <p>转换的过程就是添加一些服务端需要的header信息。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class BridgeInterceptor implements Interceptor { @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { Request userRequest = chain.request(); Request.Builder requestBuilder = userRequest.newBuilder(); RequestBody body = userRequest.body(); if (body != null) { //1 进行Header的包装 MediaType contentType = body.contentType(); if (contentType != null) { requestBuilder.header("Content-Type", contentType.toString()); } long contentLength = body.contentLength(); if (contentLength != -1) { requestBuilder.header("Content-Length", Long.toString(contentLength)); requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding"); } else { requestBuilder.header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked"); requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length"); } } if (userRequest.header("Host") == null) { requestBuilder.header("Host", hostHeader(userRequest.url(), false)); } if (userRequest.header("Connection") == null) { requestBuilder.header("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); } //这里有个坑:如果你在请求的时候主动添加了"Accept-Encoding: gzip" ,transparentGzip=false,那你就要自己解压,如果 // 你没有吹解压,或导致response.string()乱码。 // If we add an "Accept-Encoding: gzip" header field we're responsible for also decompressing // the transfer stream. boolean transparentGzip = false; if (userRequest.header("Accept-Encoding") == null && userRequest.header("Range") == null) { transparentGzip = true; requestBuilder.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip"); } //创建OkhttpClient配置的cookieJar List<Cookie> cookies = cookieJar.loadForRequest(userRequest.url()); if (!cookies.isEmpty()) { requestBuilder.header("Cookie", cookieHeader(cookies)); } if (userRequest.header("User-Agent") == null) { requestBuilder.header("User-Agent", Version.userAgent()); } Response networkResponse = chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build()); //解析服务器返回的Header,如果没有这事cookie,则不进行解析 HttpHeaders.receiveHeaders(cookieJar, userRequest.url(), networkResponse.headers()); Response.Builder responseBuilder = networkResponse.newBuilder() .request(userRequest); //判断服务器是否支持gzip压缩,如果支持,则将压缩提交给Okio库来处理 if (transparentGzip && "gzip".equalsIgnoreCase(networkResponse.header("Content-Encoding")) && HttpHeaders.hasBody(networkResponse)) { GzipSource responseBody = new GzipSource(networkResponse.body().source()); Headers strippedHeaders = networkResponse.headers().newBuilder() .removeAll("Content-Encoding") .removeAll("Content-Length") .build(); responseBuilder.headers(strippedHeaders); responseBuilder.body(new RealResponseBody(strippedHeaders, Okio.buffer(responseBody))); } return responseBuilder.build(); } }</code></pre> <p>就跟它的名字描述的那样,它是一个桥梁,负责把用户构造的请求转换为发送给服务器的请求,把服务器返回的响应转换为对用户友好的响应。 在Request阶段配置用户信息,并添加一些请求头。在Response阶段,进行gzip解压。</p> <p>这个方法主要是针对Header做了一些处理,这里主要提一下"Accept-Encoding", "gzip",关于它有以下几点需要注意:</p> <ul> <li>开发者没有添加Accept-Encoding时,自动添加Accept-Encoding: gzip</li> <li>自动添加Accept-Encoding,会对request,response进行自动解压</li> <li>手动添加Accept-Encoding,不负责解压缩</li> <li>自动解压时移除Content-Length,所以上层Java代码想要contentLength时为-1</li> <li>自动解压时移除 Content-Encoding</li> <li>自动解压时,如果是分块传输编码,Transfer-Encoding: chunked不受影响。</li> </ul> <p>BridgeInterceptor主要就是针对Header做了一些处理,我们接着来看CacheInterceptor。</p> <h2>2.3 CacheInterceptor</h2> <p>我们知道为了节省流量和提高响应速度,Okhttp是有自己的一套缓存机制的,CacheInterceptor就是用来负责读取缓存以及更新缓存的。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class CacheInterceptor implements Interceptor { @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { //1. 读取候选缓存,具体如何读取的我们下面会讲。 Response cacheCandidate = cache != null ? cache.get(chain.request()) : null; long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); //2. 创建缓存策略,强制缓存、对比缓存等,关于缓存策略我们下面也会讲。 CacheStrategy strategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, chain.request(), cacheCandidate).get(); Request networkRequest = strategy.networkRequest; Response cacheResponse = strategy.cacheResponse; if (cache != null) { cache.trackResponse(strategy); } if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) { closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body()); } //3. 根据策略,不使用网络,又没有缓存的直接报错,并返回错误码504。 if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) { return new Response.Builder() .request(chain.request()) .protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1) .code(504) .message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)") .body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE) .sentRequestAtMillis(-1L) .receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis()) .build(); } //4. 根据策略,不使用网络,有缓存的直接返回。 if (networkRequest == null) { return cacheResponse.newBuilder() .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse)) .build(); } Response networkResponse = null; try { //5. 前面两个都没有返回,继续执行下一个Interceptor,即ConnectInterceptor。 networkResponse = chain.proceed(networkRequest); } finally { //如果发生IO异常,则释放掉缓存 if (networkResponse == null && cacheCandidate != null) { closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body()); } } //6. 接收到网络结果,如果响应code式304,则使用缓存,返回缓存结果。 if (cacheResponse != null) { if (networkResponse.code() == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) { Response response = cacheResponse.newBuilder() .headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers(), networkResponse.headers())) .sentRequestAtMillis(networkResponse.sentRequestAtMillis()) .receivedResponseAtMillis(networkResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis()) .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse)) .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse)) .build(); networkResponse.body().close(); cache.trackConditionalCacheHit(); cache.update(cacheResponse, response); return response; } else { closeQuietly(cacheResponse.body()); } } //7. 读取网络结果。 Response response = networkResponse.newBuilder() .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse)) .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse)) .build(); //8. 对数据进行缓存。 if (cache != null) { if (HttpHeaders.hasBody(response) && CacheStrategy.isCacheable(response, networkRequest)) { // Offer this request to the cache. CacheRequest cacheRequest = cache.put(response); return cacheWritingResponse(cacheRequest, response); } if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(networkRequest.method())) { try { cache.remove(networkRequest); } catch (IOException ignored) { // The cache cannot be written. } } } //9. 返回网络读取的结果。 return response; } }</code></pre> <p>整个方法的流程如下所示:</p> <ol> <li>读取候选缓存,具体如何读取的我们下面会讲。</li> <li>创建缓存策略,强制缓存、对比缓存等,关于缓存策略我们下面也会讲。</li> <li>根据策略,不使用网络,又没有缓存的直接报错,并返回错误码504。</li> <li>根据策略,不使用网络,有缓存的直接返回。</li> <li>前面两个都没有返回,继续执行下一个Interceptor,即ConnectInterceptor。</li> <li>接收到网络结果,如果响应code式304,则使用缓存,返回缓存结果。</li> <li>读取网络结果。</li> <li>对数据进行缓存。</li> <li>返回网络读取的结果。</li> </ol> <p>我们再接着来看ConnectInterceptor。</p> <h3>2.4 ConnectInterceptor</h3> <p>在RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor里初始化了一个StreamAllocation对象,我们说在这个StreamAllocation对象里初始化了一个Socket对象用来做连接,但是并没有 真正的连接,等到处理完hader和缓存信息之后,才调用ConnectInterceptor来进行真正的连接</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class ConnectInterceptor implements Interceptor { @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain; Request request = realChain.request(); StreamAllocation streamAllocation = realChain.streamAllocation(); boolean doExtensiveHealthChecks = !request.method().equals("GET"); //创建输出流 HttpCodec httpCodec = streamAllocation.newStream(client, doExtensiveHealthChecks); //建立连接 RealConnection connection = streamAllocation.connection(); return realChain.proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection); } }</code></pre> <p>ConnectInterceptor在Request阶段建立连接,处理方式也很简单,创建了两个对象:</p> <ul> <li>HttpCodec:用来编码HTTP requests和解码HTTP responses</li> <li>RealConnection:连接对象,负责发起与服务器的连接。</li> </ul> <p>这里事实上包含了连接、连接池等一整套的Okhttp的连接机制,我们放在下面单独讲,先来继续看最后一个Interceptor:CallServerInterceptor。</p> <h3>2.5 CallServerInterceptor</h3> <p>CallServerInterceptor负责从服务器读取响应的数据。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class CallServerInterceptor implements Interceptor { @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { //这些对象在前面的Interceptor都已经创建完毕 RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain; HttpCodec httpCodec = realChain.httpStream(); StreamAllocation streamAllocation = realChain.streamAllocation(); RealConnection connection = (RealConnection) realChain.connection(); Request request = realChain.request(); long sentRequestMillis = System.currentTimeMillis(); //1. 写入请求头 httpCodec.writeRequestHeaders(request); Response.Builder responseBuilder = null; if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(request.method()) && request.body() != null) { // If there's a "Expect: 100-continue" header on the request, wait for a "HTTP/1.1 100 // Continue" response before transmitting the request body. If we don't get that, return what // we did get (such as a 4xx response) without ever transmitting the request body. if ("100-continue".equalsIgnoreCase(request.header("Expect"))) { httpCodec.flushRequest(); responseBuilder = httpCodec.readResponseHeaders(true); } //2 写入请求体 if (responseBuilder == null) { // Write the request body if the "Expect: 100-continue" expectation was met. Sink requestBodyOut = httpCodec.createRequestBody(request, request.body().contentLength()); BufferedSink bufferedRequestBody = Okio.buffer(requestBodyOut); request.body().writeTo(bufferedRequestBody); bufferedRequestBody.close(); } else if (!connection.isMultiplexed()) { // If the "Expect: 100-continue" expectation wasn't met, prevent the HTTP/1 connection from // being reused. Otherwise we're still obligated to transmit the request body to leave the // connection in a consistent state. streamAllocation.noNewStreams(); } } httpCodec.finishRequest(); //3 读取响应头 if (responseBuilder == null) { responseBuilder = httpCodec.readResponseHeaders(false); } Response response = responseBuilder .request(request) .handshake(streamAllocation.connection().handshake()) .sentRequestAtMillis(sentRequestMillis) .receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis()) .build(); //4 读取响应体 int code = response.code(); if (forWebSocket && code == 101) { // Connection is upgrading, but we need to ensure interceptors see a non-null response body. response = response.newBuilder() .body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE) .build(); } else { response = response.newBuilder() .body(httpCodec.openResponseBody(response)) .build(); } if ("close".equalsIgnoreCase(response.request().header("Connection")) || "close".equalsIgnoreCase(response.header("Connection"))) { streamAllocation.noNewStreams(); } if ((code == 204 || code == 205) && response.body().contentLength() > 0) { throw new ProtocolException( "HTTP " + code + " had non-zero Content-Length: " + response.body().contentLength()); } return response; } }</code></pre> <p>我们通过ConnectInterceptor已经连接到服务器了,接下来我们就是写入请求数据以及读出返回数据了。整个流程:</p> <ol> <li>写入请求头</li> <li>写入请求体</li> <li>读取响应头</li> <li>读取响应体</li> </ol> <p>这篇文章就到这里,后续的文章我们会来分析Okhttp的缓存机制、连接机制、编辑吗机制等实现。</p> <h2>三 连接机制</h2> <p>连接的创建是在StreamAllocation对象统筹下完成的,我们前面也说过它早在RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor就被创建了,StreamAllocation对象 主要用来管理两个关键角色:</p> <ul> <li>RealConnection:真正建立连接的对象,利用Socket建立连接。</li> <li>ConnectionPool:连接池,用来管理和复用连接。</li> </ul> <p>在里初始化了一个StreamAllocation对象,我们说在这个StreamAllocation对象里初始化了一个Socket对象用来做连接,但是并没有</p> <h3>3.1 创建连接</h3> <p>我们在前面的ConnectInterceptor分析中已经说过,onnectInterceptor用来完成连接。而真正的连接在RealConnect中实现,连接由连接池ConnectPool来管理,连接池最多保 持5个地址的连接keep-alive,每个keep-alive时长为5分钟,并有异步线程清理无效的连接。</p> <p>主要由以下两个方法完成:</p> <ol> <li>HttpCodec httpCodec = streamAllocation.newStream(client, doExtensiveHealthChecks);</li> <li>RealConnection connection = streamAllocation.connection();</li> </ol> <p>我们来具体的看一看。</p> <p>StreamAllocation.newStream()最终调动findConnect()方法来建立连接。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class StreamAllocation { /** * Returns a connection to host a new stream. This prefers the existing connection if it exists, * then the pool, finally building a new connection. */ private RealConnection findConnection(int connectTimeout, int readTimeout, int writeTimeout, boolean connectionRetryEnabled) throws IOException { Route selectedRoute; synchronized (connectionPool) { if (released) throw new IllegalStateException("released"); if (codec != null) throw new IllegalStateException("codec != null"); if (canceled) throw new IOException("Canceled"); //1 查看是否有完好的连接 RealConnection allocatedConnection = this.connection; if (allocatedConnection != null && !allocatedConnection.noNewStreams) { return allocatedConnection; } //2 连接池中是否用可用的连接,有则使用 Internal.instance.get(connectionPool, address, this, null); if (connection != null) { return connection; } selectedRoute = route; } //线程的选择,多IP操作 if (selectedRoute == null) { selectedRoute = routeSelector.next(); } //3 如果没有可用连接,则自己创建一个 RealConnection result; synchronized (connectionPool) { if (canceled) throw new IOException("Canceled"); // Now that we have an IP address, make another attempt at getting a connection from the pool. // This could match due to connection coalescing. Internal.instance.get(connectionPool, address, this, selectedRoute); if (connection != null) { route = selectedRoute; return connection; } // Create a connection and assign it to this allocation immediately. This makes it possible // for an asynchronous cancel() to interrupt the handshake we're about to do. route = selectedRoute; refusedStreamCount = 0; result = new RealConnection(connectionPool, selectedRoute); acquire(result); } //4 开始TCP以及TLS握手操作 result.connect(connectTimeout, readTimeout, writeTimeout, connectionRetryEnabled); routeDatabase().connected(result.route()); //5 将新创建的连接,放在连接池中 Socket socket = null; synchronized (connectionPool) { // Pool the connection. Internal.instance.put(connectionPool, result); // If another multiplexed connection to the same address was created concurrently, then // release this connection and acquire that one. if (result.isMultiplexed()) { socket = Internal.instance.deduplicate(connectionPool, address, this); result = connection; } } closeQuietly(socket); return result; } }</code></pre> <p>整个流程如下:</p> <ol> <li> <p>查找是否有完整的连接可用:</p> </li> <li> <p>Socket没有关闭</p> </li> <li>输入流没有关闭</li> <li>输出流没有关闭</li> <li> <p>Http2连接没有关闭</p> </li> <li> <p>连接池中是否有可用的连接,如果有则可用。</p> </li> <li>如果没有可用连接,则自己创建一个。</li> <li>开始TCP连接以及TLS握手操作。</li> <li>将新创建的连接加入连接池。</li> </ol> <p>上述方法完成后会创建一个RealConnection对象,然后调用该方法的connect()方法建立连接,我们再来看看RealConnection.connect()方法的实现。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class RealConnection extends Http2Connection.Listener implements Connection { public void connect( int connectTimeout, int readTimeout, int writeTimeout, boolean connectionRetryEnabled) { if (protocol != null) throw new IllegalStateException("already connected"); //线路选择 RouteException routeException = null; List<ConnectionSpec> connectionSpecs = route.address().connectionSpecs(); ConnectionSpecSelector connectionSpecSelector = new ConnectionSpecSelector(connectionSpecs); if (route.address().sslSocketFactory() == null) { if (!connectionSpecs.contains(ConnectionSpec.CLEARTEXT)) { throw new RouteException(new UnknownServiceException( "CLEARTEXT communication not enabled for client")); } String host = route.address().url().host(); if (!Platform.get().isCleartextTrafficPermitted(host)) { throw new RouteException(new UnknownServiceException( "CLEARTEXT communication to " + host + " not permitted by network security policy")); } } //开始连接 while (true) { try { //如果是通道模式,则建立通道连接 if (route.requiresTunnel()) { connectTunnel(connectTimeout, readTimeout, writeTimeout); } //否则进行Socket连接,一般都是属于这种情况 else { connectSocket(connectTimeout, readTimeout); } //建立https连接 establishProtocol(connectionSpecSelector); break; } catch (IOException e) { closeQuietly(socket); closeQuietly(rawSocket); socket = null; rawSocket = null; source = null; sink = null; handshake = null; protocol = null; http2Connection = null; if (routeException == null) { routeException = new RouteException(e); } else { routeException.addConnectException(e); } if (!connectionRetryEnabled || !connectionSpecSelector.connectionFailed(e)) { throw routeException; } } } if (http2Connection != null) { synchronized (connectionPool) { allocationLimit = http2Connection.maxConcurrentStreams(); } } } /** Does all the work necessary to build a full HTTP or HTTPS connection on a raw socket. */ private void connectSocket(int connectTimeout, int readTimeout) throws IOException { Proxy proxy = route.proxy(); Address address = route.address(); //根据代理类型的不同处理Socket rawSocket = proxy.type() == Proxy.Type.DIRECT || proxy.type() == Proxy.Type.HTTP ? address.socketFactory().createSocket() : new Socket(proxy); rawSocket.setSoTimeout(readTimeout); try { //建立Socket连接 Platform.get().connectSocket(rawSocket, route.socketAddress(), connectTimeout); } catch (ConnectException e) { ConnectException ce = new ConnectException("Failed to connect to " + route.socketAddress()); ce.initCause(e); throw ce; } // The following try/catch block is a pseudo hacky way to get around a crash on Android 7.0 // More details: // https://github.com/square/okhttp/issues/3245 // https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/271775/ try { //获取输入/输出流 source = Okio.buffer(Okio.source(rawSocket)); sink = Okio.buffer(Okio.sink(rawSocket)); } catch (NullPointerException npe) { if (NPE_THROW_WITH_NULL.equals(npe.getMessage())) { throw new IOException(npe); } } } }</code></pre> <p>最终调用Java里的套接字Socket里的connect()方法。</p> <h3>3.2 连接池</h3> <p>我们知道在负责的网络环境下,频繁的进行建立Sokcet连接(TCP三次握手)和断开Socket(TCP四次分手)是非常消耗网络资源和浪费时间的,HTTP中的keepalive连接对于 降低延迟和提升速度有非常重要的作用。</p> <p>复用连接就需要对连接进行管理,这里就引入了连接池的概念。</p> <p>Okhttp支持5个并发KeepAlive,默认链路生命为5分钟(链路空闲后,保持存活的时间),连接池有ConectionPool实现,对连接进行回收和管理。</p> <p>ConectionPool在内部维护了一个线程池,来清理连接,如下所示:</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final class ConnectionPool { private static final Executor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0 /* corePoolSize */, Integer.MAX_VALUE /* maximumPoolSize */, 60L /* keepAliveTime */, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(), Util.threadFactory("OkHttp ConnectionPool", true)); //清理连接,在线程池executor里调用。 private final Runnable cleanupRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (true) { //执行清理,并返回下次需要清理的时间。 long waitNanos = cleanup(System.nanoTime()); if (waitNanos == -1) return; if (waitNanos > 0) { long waitMillis = waitNanos / 1000000L; waitNanos -= (waitMillis * 1000000L); synchronized (ConnectionPool.this) { try { //在timeout时间内释放锁 ConnectionPool.this.wait(waitMillis, (int) waitNanos); } catch (InterruptedException ignored) { } } } } } }; }</code></pre> <p>`</p> <p>ConectionPool在内部维护了一个线程池,来清理连,清理任务由cleanup()方法完成,它是一个阻塞操作,首先执行清理,并返回下次需要清理的间隔时间,调用调用wait()</p> <p>方法释放锁。等时间到了以后,再次进行清理,并返回下一次需要清理的时间,循环往复。</p> <p>我们来看一看cleanup()方法的具体实现。</p> <p>undefined</p> <p>整个方法的流程如下所示:</p> <ol> <li>查询此连接内部的StreanAllocation的引用数量。</li> <li>标记空闲连接。</li> <li>如果空闲连接超过5个或者keepalive时间大于5分钟,则将该连接清理掉。</li> <li>返回此连接的到期时间,供下次进行清理。</li> <li>全部都是活跃连接,5分钟时候再进行清理。</li> <li>没有任何连接,跳出循环。</li> <li>关闭连接,返回时间0,立即再次进行清理。</li> </ol> <p>在RealConnection里有个StreamAllocation虚引用列表,每创建一个StreamAllocation,就会把它添加进该列表中,如果留关闭以后就将StreamAllocation 对象从该列表中移除,正是利用利用这种引用计数的方式判定一个连接是否为空闲连接,</p> <p>undefined</p> <p>查找引用计数由pruneAndGetAllocationCount()方法实现,具体实现如下所示:</p> <p>undefined</p> <h2>四 缓存机制</h2> <h3>4.1 缓存策略</h3> <p>在分析Okhttp的缓存机制之前,我们先来回顾一下HTTP与缓存相关的理论知识,这是实现Okhttp机制的基础。</p> <p>HTTP的缓存机制也是依赖于请求和响应header里的参数类实现的,最终响应式从缓存中去,还是从服务端重新拉取,HTTP的缓存机制的流程如下所示:</p> <p>:point_right: 点击图片查看大图</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/f069fb7bc750e92040e1504df38b531f.png"></p> <p>HTTP的缓存可以分为两种:</p> <ul> <li>强制缓存:需要服务端参与判断是否继续使用缓存,当客户端第一次请求数据是,服务端返回了缓存的过期时间(Expires与Cache-Control),没有过期就可以继续使用缓存,否则则不适用,无需再向服务端询问。</li> <li>对比缓存:需要服务端参与判断是否继续使用缓存,当客户端第一次请求数据时,服务端会将缓存标识(Last-Modified/If-Modified-Since与Etag/If-None-Match)与数据一起返回给客户端,客户端将两者都备份到缓存中 ,再次请求数据时,客户端将上次备份的缓存 标识发送给服务端,服务端根据缓存标识进行判断,如果返回304,则表示通知客户端可以继续使用缓存。</li> </ul> <p>强制缓存优先于对比缓存。</p> <p>上面提到强制缓存使用的的两个标识:</p> <ul> <li>Expires:Expires的值为服务端返回的到期时间,即下一次请求时,请求时间小于服务端返回的到期时间,直接使用缓存数据。到期时间是服务端生成的,客户端和服务端的时间可能有误差。</li> <li>Cache-Control:Expires有个时间校验的问题,所有HTTP1.1采用Cache-Control替代Expires。</li> </ul> <p>Cache-Control的取值有以下几种:</p> <ul> <li>private: 客户端可以缓存。</li> <li>public: 客户端和代理服务器都可缓存。</li> <li>max-age=xxx: 缓存的内容将在 xxx 秒后失效</li> <li>no-cache: 需要使用对比缓存来验证缓存数据。</li> <li>no-store: 所有内容都不会缓存,强制缓存,对比缓存都不会触发。</li> </ul> <p>我们再来看看对比缓存的两个标识:</p> <p>Last-Modified/If-Modified-Since</p> <p>Last-Modified 表示资源上次修改的时间。</p> <p>当客户端发送第一次请求时,服务端返回资源上次修改的时间:</p> <p>undefined 客户端再次发送,会在header里携带If-Modified-Since。将上次服务端返回的资源时间上传给服务端。</p> <p>undefined 服务端接收到客户端发来的资源修改时间,与自己当前的资源修改时间进行对比,如果自己的资源修改时间大于客户端发来的资源修改时间,则说明资源做过修改, 则返回200表示需要重新请求资源,否则返回304表示资源没有被修改,可以继续使用缓存。</p> <p>上面是一种时间戳标记资源是否修改的方法,还有一种资源标识码ETag的方式来标记是否修改,如果标识码发生改变,则说明资源已经被修改,ETag优先级高于Last-Modified。</p> <p>Etag/If-None-Match</p> <p>ETag是资源文件的一种标识码,当客户端发送第一次请求时,服务端会返回当前资源的标识码:</p> <p>undefined 客户端再次发送,会在header里携带上次服务端返回的资源标识码:</p> <p>undefined 服务端接收到客户端发来的资源标识码,则会与自己当前的资源吗进行比较,如果不同,则说明资源已经被修改,则返回200,如果相同则说明资源没有被修改,返回 304,客户端可以继续使用缓存。</p> <p>以上便是HTTP缓存策略的相关理论知识,我们来看看具体实现。</p> <p>Okhttp的缓存策略就是根据上述流程图实现的,具体的实现类是CacheStrategy,CacheStrategy的构造函数里有两个参数:</p> <p>undefined 这两个参数参数的含义如下:</p> <ul> <li>networkRequest:网络请求。</li> <li>cacheResponse:缓存响应,基于DiskLruCache实现的文件缓存,可以是请求中url的md5,value是文件中查询到的缓存,这个我们下面会说。</li> </ul> <p>CacheStrategy就是利用这两个参数生成最终的策略,有点像map操作,将networkRequest与cacheResponse这两个值输入,处理之后再将这两个值输出,们的组合结果如下所示:</p> <ul> <li>如果networkRequest为null,cacheResponse为null:only-if-cached(表明不进行网络请求,且缓存不存在或者过期,一定会返回503错误)。</li> <li>如果networkRequest为null,cacheResponse为non-null:不进行网络请求,而且缓存可以使用,直接返回缓存,不用请求网络。</li> <li>如果networkRequest为non-null,cacheResponse为null:需要进行网络请求,而且缓存不存在或者过期,直接访问网络。</li> <li>如果networkRequest为non-null,cacheResponse为non-null:Header中含有ETag/Last-Modified标签,需要在条件请求下使用,还是需要访问网络。</li> </ul> <p>那么这四种情况是如何判定的,我们来看一下。</p> <p>CacheStrategy是利用Factory模式进行构造的,CacheStrategy.Factory对象构建以后,调用它的get()方法即可获得具体的CacheStrategy,CacheStrategy.Factory.get()方法内部</p> <p>调用的是CacheStrategy.Factory.getCandidate()方法,它是核心的实现。</p> <p>如下所示:</p> <p>undefined</p> <p>整个函数的逻辑就是按照上面那个HTTP缓存判定流程图来实现,具体流程如下所示:</p> <ol> <li>如果缓存没有命中,就直接进行网络请求。</li> <li>如果TLS握手信息丢失,则返回直接进行连接。</li> <li>根据response状态码,Expired时间和是否有no-cache标签就行判断是否进行直接访问。</li> <li>如果请求header里有"no-cache"或者右条件GET请求(header里带有ETag/Since标签),则直接连接。</li> <li>如果缓存在过期时间内则可以直接使用,则直接返回上次缓存。</li> <li>如果缓存过期,且有ETag等信息,则发送If-None-Match、If-Modified-Since、If-Modified-Since等条件请求交给服务端判断处理</li> </ol> <p>整个流程就是这样,另外说一点,Okhttp的缓存是根据服务器header自动的完成的,整个流程也是根据RFC文档写死的,客户端不必要进行手动控制。</p> <p>理解了缓存策略,我们来看看缓存在磁盘上是如何被管理的。</p> <h3>4.2 缓存管理</h3> <p>这篇文章我们来分析Okhttp的缓存机制,缓存机制是基于DiskLruCache做的。Cache类封装了缓存的实现,实现了InternalCache接口。</p> <p>InternalCache接口如下所示:</p> <p>InternalCache</p> <p>undefined 我们接着来看看它的实现类。</p> <p>Cache没有直接实现InternalCache这个接口,而是在其内部实现了InternalCache的匿名内部类,内部类的方法调用Cache对应的方法,如下所示:</p> <p>undefined ` 在Cache类里还定义一些内部类,这些类封装了请求与响应信息。</p> <ul> <li>Cache.Entry:封装了请求与响应等信息,包括url、varyHeaders、protocol、code、message、responseHeaders、handshake、sentRequestMillis与receivedResponseMillis。</li> <li>Cache.CacheResponseBody:继承于ResponseBody,封装了缓存快照snapshot,响应体bodySource,内容类型contentType,内容长度contentLength。</li> </ul> <p>除了两个类以外,Okhttp还封装了一个文件系统类FileSystem类,这个类利用Okio这个库对Java的FIle操作进行了一层封装,简化了IO操作。理解了这些剩下的就是DiskLruCahe里的插入缓存 、获取缓存和删除缓存的操作。</p> <p>关于这一部分的内容,可以参考我们之前写的内容 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959756873762266154" rel="nofollow,noindex">07Android开源框架源码分析:LruCache与DiskLruCache</a> 。</p> <p>好了,到这里关于Okhttp的全部内容就都讲完了,可以说Okhttp是设计非常优良的一个库,有很多值得我们学习的地方,下一篇我们来分析它的好搭档Retrofit。</p> <p> </p> <p>来自:https://blog.souche.com/untitled-7/</p> <p> </p>
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