ReactiveCocoa 中 RACSignal 是如何发送信号的
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/93e9b71452b1f0fef86a3a26194a3d97.png"></p> <p><strong>前言</strong></p> <p>ReactiveCocoa 是一个(第一个?)将函数响应式编程范例带入Objective-C的开源库。ReactiveCocoa是由 Josh Abernathy 和 Justin Spahr-Summers 两位大神在对 GitHub for Mac 的开发过程中编写的。 Justin Spahr-Summers 大神在2011年11月13号下午12点35分进行的第一次提交,直到2013年2月13日上午3点05分发布了其 1.0 release ,达到了第一个重要里程碑。ReactiveCocoa社区也非常活跃,目前最新版已经完成了ReactiveCocoa 5.0.0-alpha.3,目前在5.0.0-alpha.4开发中。</p> <p>ReactiveCocoa v2.5 是公认的Objective-C最稳定的版本,因此被广大的以OC为主要语言的客户端选中使用。ReactiveCocoa v3.x主要是基于Swift 1.2的版本,而ReactiveCocoa v4.x 主要基于Swift 2.x,ReactiveCocoa 5.0就全面支持Swift 3.0,也许还有以后的Swift 4.0。接下来几篇博客先以ReactiveCocoa v2.5版本为例子,分析一下OC版的RAC具体实现(也许分析完了RAC 5.0就到来了)。也算是写在ReactiveCocoa 5.0正式版到来前夕的祝福吧。</p> <p><strong>目录</strong></p> <ul> <li>1.什么是ReactiveCocoa?</li> <li>2.RAC中的核心RACSignal发送与订阅流程</li> <li>3.RACSignal操作的核心bind实现</li> <li>4.RACSignal基本操作concat和zipWith实现</li> <li>5.最后</li> </ul> <h3><strong>一. 什么是ReactiveCocoa?</strong></h3> <p>ReactiveCocoa (其简称为RAC)是由 Github 开源的一个应用于iOS和OS X开发的新框架。RAC具有函数式编程(FP)和响应式编程(RP)的特性。它主要吸取了.Net的 Reactive Extensions 的设计和实现。</p> <p>ReactiveCocoa 的宗旨是Streams of values over time ,随着时间变化而不断流动的数据流。</p> <p>ReactiveCocoa 主要解决了以下这些问题:</p> <ul> <li> <p>UI数据绑定</p> </li> </ul> <p>UI控件通常需要绑定一个事件,RAC可以很方便的绑定任何数据流到控件上。</p> <ul> <li> <p>用户交互事件绑定</p> </li> </ul> <p>RAC为可交互的UI控件提供了一系列能发送Signal信号的方法。这些数据流会在用户交互中相互传递。</p> <ul> <li> <p>解决状态以及状态之间依赖过多的问题</p> </li> </ul> <p>有了RAC的绑定之后,可以不用在关心各种复杂的状态,isSelect,isFinish……也解决了这些状态在后期很难维护的问题。</p> <ul> <li> <p>消息传递机制的大统一</p> </li> </ul> <p>OC中编程原来消息传递机制有以下几种:Delegate,Block Callback,Target-Action,Timers,KVO,objc上有一篇关于OC中这5种消息传递方式改如何选择的文章 Communication Patterns ,推荐大家阅读。现在有了RAC之后,以上这5种方式都可以统一用RAC来处理。</p> <h3><strong>二. RAC中的核心RACSignal</strong></h3> <p>ReactiveCocoa 中最核心的概念之一就是信号RACStream。RACRACStream中有两个子类——RACSignal 和 RACSequence。本文先来分析RACSignal。</p> <p>我们会经常看到以下的代码:</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">RACSignal *signal = [RACSignal createSignal: ^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) { [subscriber sendNext:@1]; [subscriber sendNext:@2]; [subscriber sendNext:@3]; [subscriber sendCompleted]; return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"signal dispose"); }]; }]; RACDisposable *disposable = [signal subscribeNext:^(id x) { NSLog(@"subscribe value = %@", x); } error:^(NSError *error) { NSLog(@"error: %@", error); } completed:^{ NSLog(@"completed"); }]; [disposable dispose];</code></pre> <p>这是一个RACSignal被订阅的完整过程。被订阅的过程中,究竟发生了什么?</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">+ (RACSignal *)createSignal:(RACDisposable * (^)(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber))didSubscribe { return [RACDynamicSignal createSignal:didSubscribe]; }</code></pre> <p>RACSignal调用createSignal的时候,会调用RACDynamicSignal的createSignal的方法。</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/e933c77e9b99f2fca4891b286ff0fcd2.jpg"></p> <p>RACDynamicSignal是RACSignal的子类。createSignal后面的参数是一个block。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">(RACDisposable * (^)(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber))didSubscribe</code></pre> <p>block的返回值是RACDisposable类型,block名叫didSubscribe。block的唯一一个参数是id<RACSubscriber>类型的subscriber,这个subscriber是必须遵循RACSubscriber协议的。</p> <p>RACSubscriber是一个协议,其下有以下4个协议方法:</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">@protocol RACSubscriber <NSObject> @required - (void)sendNext:(id)value; - (void)sendError:(NSError *)error; - (void)sendCompleted; - (void)didSubscribeWithDisposable:(RACCompoundDisposable *)disposable; @end</code></pre> <p>所以新建Signal的任务就全部落在了RACSignal的子类RACDynamicSignal上了。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">@interface RACDynamicSignal () // The block to invoke for each subscriber. @property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) RACDisposable * (^didSubscribe)(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber); @end</code></pre> <p>RACDynamicSignal这个类很简单,里面就保存了一个名字叫didSubscribe的block。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">+ (RACSignal *)createSignal:(RACDisposable * (^)(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber))didSubscribe { RACDynamicSignal *signal = [[self alloc] init]; signal->_didSubscribe = [didSubscribe copy]; return [signal setNameWithFormat:@"+createSignal:"]; }</code></pre> <p>这个方法中新建了一个RACDynamicSignal对象signal,并把传进来的didSubscribe这个block保存进刚刚新建对象signal里面的didSubscribe属性中。最后再给signal命名+createSignal:。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (instancetype)setNameWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ... { if (getenv("RAC_DEBUG_SIGNAL_NAMES") == NULL) return self; NSCParameterAssert(format != nil); va_list args; va_start(args, format); NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:format arguments:args]; va_end(args); self.name = str; return self; }</code></pre> <p>setNameWithFormat是RACStream里面的方法,由于RACDynamicSignal继承自RACSignal,所以它也能调用这个方法。</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/76007a6a739ba23a1fc5de3cabbf4590.jpg"></p> <p>RACSignal的block就这样被保存起来了,那什么时候会被执行呢?</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/fef6d13e5f35b7b91531880633e86755.png"></p> <p>block闭包在订阅的时候才会被“释放”出来。</p> <p>RACSignal调用subscribeNext方法,返回一个RACDisposable。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACDisposable *)subscribeNext:(void (^)(id x))nextBlock error:(void (^)(NSError *error))errorBlock completed:(void (^)(void))completedBlock { NSCParameterAssert(nextBlock != NULL); NSCParameterAssert(errorBlock != NULL); NSCParameterAssert(completedBlock != NULL); RACSubscriber *o = [RACSubscriber subscriberWithNext:nextBlock error:errorBlock completed:completedBlock]; return [self subscribe:o]; }</code></pre> <p>在这个方法中会新建一个RACSubscriber对象,并传入nextBlock,errorBlock,completedBlock。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">@interface RACSubscriber () // These callbacks should only be accessed while synchronized on self. @property (nonatomic, copy) void (^next)(id value); @property (nonatomic, copy) void (^error)(NSError *error); @property (nonatomic, copy) void (^completed)(void); @property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) RACCompoundDisposable *disposable; @end</code></pre> <p>RACSubscriber这个类很简单,里面只有4个属性,分别是nextBlock,errorBlock,completedBlock和一个RACCompoundDisposable信号。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">+ (instancetype)subscriberWithNext:(void (^)(id x))next error:(void (^)(NSError *error))error completed:(void (^)(void))completed { RACSubscriber *subscriber = [[self alloc] init]; subscriber->_next = [next copy]; subscriber->_error = [error copy]; subscriber->_completed = [completed copy]; return subscriber; }</code></pre> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/749e08f2a3bb92833be1df941c9928c1.jpg"></p> <p>subscriberWithNext方法把传入的3个block都保存分别保存到自己对应的block中。</p> <p>RACSignal调用subscribeNext方法,最后return的时候,会调用[self subscribe:o],这里实际是调用了RACDynamicSignal类里面的subscribe方法。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACDisposable *)subscribe:(id<RACSubscriber>)subscriber { NSCParameterAssert(subscriber != nil); RACCompoundDisposable *disposable = [RACCompoundDisposable compoundDisposable]; subscriber = [[RACPassthroughSubscriber alloc] initWithSubscriber:subscriber signal:self disposable:disposable]; if (self.didSubscribe != NULL) { RACDisposable *schedulingDisposable = [RACScheduler.subscriptionScheduler schedule:^{ RACDisposable *innerDisposable = self.didSubscribe(subscriber); [disposable addDisposable:innerDisposable]; }]; [disposable addDisposable:schedulingDisposable]; } return disposable; }</code></pre> <p>RACDisposable有3个子类,其中一个就是RACCompoundDisposable。</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/ffe0693da69c5668ba892fb2b913dd4e.jpg"></p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">@interface RACCompoundDisposable : RACDisposable + (instancetype)compoundDisposable; + (instancetype)compoundDisposableWithDisposables:(NSArray *)disposables; - (void)addDisposable:(RACDisposable *)disposable; - (void)removeDisposable:(RACDisposable *)disposable; @end</code></pre> <p>RACCompoundDisposable虽然是RACDisposable的子类,但是它里面可以加入多个RACDisposable对象,在必要的时候可以一口气都调用dispose方法来销毁信号。当RACCompoundDisposable对象被dispose的时候,也会自动dispose容器内的所有RACDisposable对象。</p> <p>RACPassthroughSubscriber是一个私有的类。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">@interface RACPassthroughSubscriber : NSObject <RACSubscriber> @property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) id<RACSubscriber> innerSubscriber; @property (nonatomic, unsafe_unretained, readonly) RACSignal *signal; @property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) RACCompoundDisposable *disposable; - (instancetype)initWithSubscriber:(id<RACSubscriber>)subscriber signal:(RACSignal *)signal disposable:(RACCompoundDisposable *)disposable; @end</code></pre> <p>RACPassthroughSubscriber类就只有这一个方法。目的就是为了把所有的信号事件从一个订阅者subscriber传递给另一个还没有disposed的订阅者subscriber。</p> <p>RACPassthroughSubscriber类中保存了3个非常重要的对象,RACSubscriber,RACSignal,RACCompoundDisposable。RACSubscriber是待转发的信号的订阅者subscriber。RACCompoundDisposable是订阅者的销毁对象,一旦它被disposed了,innerSubscriber就再也接受不到事件流了。</p> <p>这里需要注意的是内部还保存了一个RACSignal,并且它的属性是unsafe_unretained。这里和其他两个属性有区别, 其他两个属性都是strong的。这里之所以不是weak,是因为引用RACSignal仅仅只是一个DTrace probes动态跟踪技术的探针。如果设置成weak,会造成没必要的性能损失。所以这里仅仅是unsafe_unretained就够了。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (instancetype)initWithSubscriber:(id<RACSubscriber>)subscriber signal:(RACSignal *)signal disposable:(RACCompoundDisposable *)disposable { NSCParameterAssert(subscriber != nil); self = [super init]; if (self == nil) return nil; _innerSubscriber = subscriber; _signal = signal; _disposable = disposable; [self.innerSubscriber didSubscribeWithDisposable:self.disposable]; return self; }</code></pre> <p>回到RACDynamicSignal类里面的subscribe方法中,现在新建好了RACCompoundDisposable和RACPassthroughSubscriber对象了。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">if (self.didSubscribe != NULL) { RACDisposable *schedulingDisposable = [RACScheduler.subscriptionScheduler schedule:^{ RACDisposable *innerDisposable = self.didSubscribe(subscriber); [disposable addDisposable:innerDisposable]; }]; [disposable addDisposable:schedulingDisposable]; }</code></pre> <p>RACScheduler.subscriptionScheduler是一个全局的单例。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">+ (instancetype)subscriptionScheduler { static dispatch_once_t onceToken; static RACScheduler *subscriptionScheduler; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ subscriptionScheduler = [[RACSubscriptionScheduler alloc] init]; }); return subscriptionScheduler; }</code></pre> <p>RACScheduler再继续调用schedule方法。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACDisposable *)schedule:(void (^)(void))block { NSCParameterAssert(block != NULL); if (RACScheduler.currentScheduler == nil) return [self.backgroundScheduler schedule:block]; block(); return nil; }</code></pre> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">+ (BOOL)isOnMainThread { return [NSOperationQueue.currentQueue isEqual:NSOperationQueue.mainQueue] || [NSThread isMainThread]; } + (instancetype)currentScheduler { RACScheduler *scheduler = NSThread.currentThread.threadDictionary[RACSchedulerCurrentSchedulerKey]; if (scheduler != nil) return scheduler; if ([self.class isOnMainThread]) return RACScheduler.mainThreadScheduler; return nil; }</code></pre> <p>在取currentScheduler的过程中,会判断currentScheduler是否存在,和是否在主线程中。如果都没有,那么就会调用后台backgroundScheduler去执行schedule。</p> <p>schedule的入参就是一个block,执行schedule的时候会去执行block。也就是会去执行:</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">RACDisposable *innerDisposable = self.didSubscribe(subscriber); [disposable addDisposable:innerDisposable];</code></pre> <p>这两句关键的语句。之前信号里面保存的block就会在此处被“释放”执行。self.didSubscribe(subscriber)这一句就执行了信号保存的didSubscribe闭包。</p> <p>在didSubscribe闭包中有sendNext,sendError,sendCompleted,执行这些语句会分别调用RACPassthroughSubscriber里面对应的方法。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)sendNext:(id)value { if (self.disposable.disposed) return; if (RACSIGNAL_NEXT_ENABLED()) { RACSIGNAL_NEXT(cleanedSignalDescription(self.signal), cleanedDTraceString(self.innerSubscriber.description), cleanedDTraceString([value description])); } [self.innerSubscriber sendNext:value]; } - (void)sendError:(NSError *)error { if (self.disposable.disposed) return; if (RACSIGNAL_ERROR_ENABLED()) { RACSIGNAL_ERROR(cleanedSignalDescription(self.signal), cleanedDTraceString(self.innerSubscriber.description), cleanedDTraceString(error.description)); } [self.innerSubscriber sendError:error]; } - (void)sendCompleted { if (self.disposable.disposed) return; if (RACSIGNAL_COMPLETED_ENABLED()) { RACSIGNAL_COMPLETED(cleanedSignalDescription(self.signal), cleanedDTraceString(self.innerSubscriber.description)); } [self.innerSubscriber sendCompleted]; }</code></pre> <p>这个时候的订阅者是RACPassthroughSubscriber。RACPassthroughSubscriber里面的innerSubscriber才是最终的实际订阅者,RACPassthroughSubscriber会把值再继续传递给innerSubscriber。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (void)sendNext:(id)value { @synchronized (self) { void (^nextBlock)(id) = [self.next copy]; if (nextBlock == nil) return; nextBlock(value); } } - (void)sendError:(NSError *)e { @synchronized (self) { void (^errorBlock)(NSError *) = [self.error copy]; [self.disposable dispose]; if (errorBlock == nil) return; errorBlock(e); } } - (void)sendCompleted { @synchronized (self) { void (^completedBlock)(void) = [self.completed copy]; [self.disposable dispose]; if (completedBlock == nil) return; completedBlock(); } }</code></pre> <p>innerSubscriber是RACSubscriber,调用sendNext的时候会先把自己的self.next闭包copy一份,再调用,而且整个过程还是线程安全的,用@synchronized保护着。最终订阅者的闭包在这里被调用。</p> <p>sendError和sendCompleted也都是同理。</p> <p>总结一下:</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/7181defb7226e220761a5db2990f9af4.png"></p> <ol> <li>RACSignal调用subscribeNext方法,新建一个RACSubscriber。</li> <li>新建的RACSubscriber会copy,nextBlock,errorBlock,completedBlock存在自己的属性变量中。</li> <li>RACSignal的子类RACDynamicSignal调用subscribe方法。</li> <li>新建RACCompoundDisposable和RACPassthroughSubscriber对象。RACPassthroughSubscriber分别保存对RACSignal,RACSubscriber,RACCompoundDisposable的引用,注意对RACSignal的引用是unsafe_unretained的。</li> <li>RACDynamicSignal调用didSubscribe闭包。先调用RACPassthroughSubscriber的相应的sendNext,sendError,sendCompleted方法。</li> <li>RACPassthroughSubscriber再去调用self.innerSubscriber,即RACSubscriber的nextBlock,errorBlock,completedBlock。注意这里调用同样是先copy一份,再调用闭包执行。</li> </ol> <h3><strong>三. RACSignal操作的核心bind实现</strong></h3> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/4a1f5775165ae35b15ac2594ab6ed579.jpg"></p> <p>在RACSignal的源码里面包含了两个基本操作,concat和zipWith。不过在分析这两个操作之前,先来分析一下更加核心的一个函数,bind操作。</p> <p>先来说说bind函数的作用:</p> <ol> <li>会订阅原始的信号。</li> <li>任何时刻原始信号发送一个值,都会绑定的block转换一次。</li> <li>一旦绑定的block转换了值变成信号,就立即订阅,并把值发给订阅者subscriber。</li> <li>一旦绑定的block要终止绑定,原始的信号就complete。</li> <li>当所有的信号都complete,发送completed信号给订阅者subscriber。</li> <li>如果中途信号出现了任何error,都要把这个错误发送给subscriber</li> </ol> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACSignal *)bind:(RACStreamBindBlock (^)(void))block { NSCParameterAssert(block != NULL); return [[RACSignal createSignal:^(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) { RACStreamBindBlock bindingBlock = block(); NSMutableArray *signals = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:self]; RACCompoundDisposable *compoundDisposable = [RACCompoundDisposable compoundDisposable]; void (^completeSignal)(RACSignal *, RACDisposable *) = ^(RACSignal *signal, RACDisposable *finishedDisposable) { /*这里暂时省略*/ }; void (^addSignal)(RACSignal *) = ^(RACSignal *signal) { /*这里暂时省略*/ }; @autoreleasepool { RACSerialDisposable *selfDisposable = [[RACSerialDisposable alloc] init]; [compoundDisposable addDisposable:selfDisposable]; RACDisposable *bindingDisposable = [self subscribeNext:^(id x) { // Manually check disposal to handle synchronous errors. if (compoundDisposable.disposed) return; BOOL stop = NO; id signal = bindingBlock(x, &stop); @autoreleasepool { if (signal != nil) addSignal(signal); if (signal == nil || stop) { [selfDisposable dispose]; completeSignal(self, selfDisposable); } } } error:^(NSError *error) { [compoundDisposable dispose]; [subscriber sendError:error]; } completed:^{ @autoreleasepool { completeSignal(self, selfDisposable); } }]; selfDisposable.disposable = bindingDisposable; } return compoundDisposable; }] setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -bind:", self.name]; }</code></pre> <p>为了弄清楚bind函数究竟做了什么,写出测试代码:</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">RACSignal *signal = [RACSignal createSignal: ^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) { [subscriber sendNext:@1]; [subscriber sendNext:@2]; [subscriber sendNext:@3]; [subscriber sendCompleted]; return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"signal dispose"); }]; }]; RACSignal *bindSignal = [signal bind:^RACStreamBindBlock{ return ^RACSignal *(NSNumber *value, BOOL *stop){ value = @(value.integerValue * 2); return [RACSignal return:value]; }; }]; [bindSignal subscribeNext:^(id x) { NSLog(@"subscribe value = %@", x); }];</code></pre> <p>由于前面第一章节详细讲解了RACSignal的创建和订阅的全过程,这个也为了方法讲解,创建RACDynamicSignal,RACCompoundDisposable,RACPassthroughSubscriber这些都略过,这里着重分析一下bind的各个闭包传递创建和订阅的过程。</p> <p>为了防止接下来的分析会让读者看晕,这里先把要用到的block进行编号。</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">RACSignal *signal = [RACSignal createSignal: ^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) { // block 1 } RACSignal *bindSignal = [signal bind:^RACStreamBindBlock{ // block 2 return ^RACSignal *(NSNumber *value, BOOL *stop){ // block 3 }; }]; [bindSignal subscribeNext:^(id x) { // block 4 }]; - (RACSignal *)bind:(RACStreamBindBlock (^)(void))block { // block 5 return [[RACSignal createSignal:^(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) { // block 6 RACStreamBindBlock bindingBlock = block(); NSMutableArray *signals = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:self]; void (^completeSignal)(RACSignal *, RACDisposable *) = ^(RACSignal *signal, RACDisposable *finishedDisposable) { // block 7 }; void (^addSignal)(RACSignal *) = ^(RACSignal *signal) { // block 8 RACDisposable *disposable = [signal subscribeNext:^(id x) { // block 9 }]; }; @autoreleasepool { RACDisposable *bindingDisposable = [self subscribeNext:^(id x) { // block 10 id signal = bindingBlock(x, &stop); @autoreleasepool { if (signal != nil) addSignal(signal); if (signal == nil || stop) { [selfDisposable dispose]; completeSignal(self, selfDisposable); } } } error:^(NSError *error) { [compoundDisposable dispose]; [subscriber sendError:error]; } completed:^{ @autoreleasepool { completeSignal(self, selfDisposable); } }]; } return compoundDisposable; }] ; }</code></pre> <p>先创建信号signal,didSubscribe把block1 copy保存起来。</p> <p>当信号调用bind进行绑定,会调用block5,didSubscribe把block6 copy保存起来。</p> <p>当订阅者开始订阅bindSignal的时候,流程如下:</p> <ol> <li>bindSignal执行didSubscribe的block,即执行block6。</li> <li>在block6 的第一句代码,就是调用RACStreamBindBlock bindingBlock = block(),这里的block是外面传进来的block2,于是开始调用block2。执行完block2,会返回一个RACStreamBindBlock的对象。</li> <li>由于是signal调用的bind函数,所以bind函数里面的self就是signal,在bind内部订阅了signal的信号。subscribeNext所以会执行block1。</li> <li>执行block1,sendNext调用订阅者subscriber的nextBlock,于是开始执行block10。</li> <li>block10中会先调用bindingBlock,这个是之前调用block2的返回值,这个RACStreamBindBlock对象里面保存的是block3。所以开始调用block3。</li> <li>在block3中入参是一个value,这个value是signal中sendNext中发出来的value的值,在block3中可以对value进行变换,变换完成后,返回一个新的信号signal'。</li> <li>如果返回的signal'为空,则会调用completeSignal,即调用block7。block7中会发送sendCompleted。如果返回的signal'不为空,则会调用addSignal,即调用block8。block8中会继续订阅signal'。执行block9。</li> <li>block9 中会sendNext,这里的subscriber是block6的入参,于是对subscriber调用sendNext,会调用到bindSignal的订阅者的block4中。</li> <li>block9 中执行完sendNext,还会调用sendCompleted。这里的是在执行block9里面的completed闭包。completeSignal(signal, selfDisposable);然后又会调用completeSignal,即block7。</li> <li>执行完block7,就完成了一次从signal 发送信号sendNext的全过程。</li> </ol> <p>bind整个流程就完成了。</p> <h3><strong>四. RACSignal基本操作concat和zipWith实现</strong></h3> <p>接下来再来分析RACSignal中另外2个基本操作。</p> <p><strong>1. concat</strong></p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/7c98f6932f2ff38a7555b21fd849d0ef.png"></p> <p>写出测试代码:</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">RACSignal *signal = [RACSignal createSignal: ^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) { [subscriber sendNext:@1]; [subscriber sendCompleted]; return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"signal dispose"); }]; }]; RACSignal *signals = [RACSignal createSignal: ^RACDisposable *(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) { [subscriber sendNext:@2]; [subscriber sendNext:@3]; [subscriber sendNext:@6]; [subscriber sendCompleted]; return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"signal dispose"); }]; }]; RACSignal *concatSignal = [signal concat:signals]; [concatSignal subscribeNext:^(id x) { NSLog(@"subscribe value = %@", x); }];</code></pre> <p>concat操作就是把两个信号合并起来。注意合并有先后顺序。</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/1a8f6a71e69cf97056fc8a4158e33e51.jpg"></p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACSignal *)concat:(RACSignal *)signal { return [[RACSignal createSignal:^(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) { RACSerialDisposable *serialDisposable = [[RACSerialDisposable alloc] init]; RACDisposable *sourceDisposable = [self subscribeNext:^(id x) { // 发送第一个信号的值 [subscriber sendNext:x]; } error:^(NSError *error) { [subscriber sendError:error]; } completed:^{ // 订阅第二个信号 RACDisposable *concattedDisposable = [signal subscribe:subscriber]; serialDisposable.disposable = concattedDisposable; }]; serialDisposable.disposable = sourceDisposable; return serialDisposable; }] setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -concat: %@", self.name, signal]; }</code></pre> <p>合并前,signal和signals分别都把各自的didSubscribe保存copy起来。</p> <p>合并之后,合并之后新的信号的didSubscribe会把block保存copy起来。</p> <p>当合并之后的信号被订阅的时候:</p> <ol> <li>调用新的合并信号的didSubscribe。</li> <li>由于是第一个信号调用的concat方法,所以block中的self是前一个信号signal。合并信号的didSubscribe会先订阅signal。</li> <li>由于订阅了signal,于是开始执行signal的didSubscribe,sendNext,sendError。</li> <li>当前一个信号signal发送sendCompleted之后,就会开始订阅后一个信号signals,调用signals的didSubscribe。</li> <li>由于订阅了后一个信号,于是后一个信号signals开始发送sendNext,sendError,sendCompleted。</li> </ol> <p>这样两个信号就前后有序的拼接到了一起。</p> <p>这里有一点需要注意的是,两个信号concat在一起之后,新的信号的结束信号在第二个信号结束的时候才结束。看上图描述,新的信号的发送长度等于前面两个信号长度之和,concat之后的新信号的结束信号也就是第二个信号的结束信号。</p> <p><strong>2. zipWith</strong></p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/198a7994117324ed1bd602c81ba09687.jpg"></p> <p>写出测试代码:</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">RACSignal *concatSignal = [signal zipWith:signals]; [concatSignal subscribeNext:^(id x) { NSLog(@"subscribe value = %@", x); }];</code></pre> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/d7c52ed8469c6380f242b248371dc599.jpg"></p> <p>源码如下:</p> <pre> <code class="language-objectivec">- (RACSignal *)zipWith:(RACSignal *)signal { NSCParameterAssert(signal != nil); return [[RACSignal createSignal:^(id<RACSubscriber> subscriber) { __block BOOL selfCompleted = NO; NSMutableArray *selfValues = [NSMutableArray array]; __block BOOL otherCompleted = NO; NSMutableArray *otherValues = [NSMutableArray array]; void (^sendCompletedIfNecessary)(void) = ^{ @synchronized (selfValues) { BOOL selfEmpty = (selfCompleted && selfValues.count == 0); BOOL otherEmpty = (otherCompleted && otherValues.count == 0); // 如果任意一个信号完成并且数组里面空了,就整个信号算完成 if (selfEmpty || otherEmpty) [subscriber sendCompleted]; } }; void (^sendNext)(void) = ^{ @synchronized (selfValues) { // 数组里面的空了就返回。 if (selfValues.count == 0) return; if (otherValues.count == 0) return; // 每次都取出两个数组里面的第0位的值,打包成元组 RACTuple *tuple = RACTuplePack(selfValues[0], otherValues[0]); [selfValues removeObjectAtIndex:0]; [otherValues removeObjectAtIndex:0]; // 把元组发送出去 [subscriber sendNext:tuple]; sendCompletedIfNecessary(); } }; // 订阅第一个信号 RACDisposable *selfDisposable = [self subscribeNext:^(id x) { @synchronized (selfValues) { // 把第一个信号的值加入到数组中 [selfValues addObject:x ?: RACTupleNil.tupleNil]; sendNext(); } } error:^(NSError *error) { [subscriber sendError:error]; } completed:^{ @synchronized (selfValues) { // 订阅完成时判断是否要发送完成信号 selfCompleted = YES; sendCompletedIfNecessary(); } }]; // 订阅第二个信号 RACDisposable *otherDisposable = [signal subscribeNext:^(id x) { @synchronized (selfValues) { // 把第二个信号加入到数组中 [otherValues addObject:x ?: RACTupleNil.tupleNil]; sendNext(); } } error:^(NSError *error) { [subscriber sendError:error]; } completed:^{ @synchronized (selfValues) { // 订阅完成时判断是否要发送完成信号 otherCompleted = YES; sendCompletedIfNecessary(); } }]; return [RACDisposable disposableWithBlock:^{ // 销毁两个信号 [selfDisposable dispose]; [otherDisposable dispose]; }]; }] setNameWithFormat:@"[%@] -zipWith: %@", self.name, signal]; }</code></pre> <p>当把两个信号通过zipWith之后,就像上面的那张图一样,拉链的两边被中间的拉索拉到了一起。既然是拉链,那么一一的位置是有对应的,上面的拉链第一个位置只能对着下面拉链第一个位置,这样拉链才能拉到一起去。</p> <p>具体实现:</p> <p>zipWith里面有两个数组,分别会存储两个信号的值。</p> <ol> <li>一旦订阅了zipWith之后的信号,就开始执行didSubscribe闭包。</li> <li>在闭包中会先订阅第一个信号。这里假设第一个信号比第二个信号先发出一个值。第一个信号发出来的每一个值都会被加入到第一个数组中保存起来,然后调用sendNext( )闭包。在sendNext( )闭包中,会先判断两个数组里面是否都为空,如果有一个数组里面是空的,就return。由于第二个信号还没有发送值,即第二个信号的数组里面是空的,所以这里第一个值发送不出来。于是第一个信号被订阅之后,发送的值存储到了第一个数组里面了,没有发出去。</li> <li>第二个信号的值紧接着发出来了,第二个信号每发送一次值,也会存储到第二个数组中,但是这个时候再调用sendNext( )闭包的时候,不会再return了,因为两个数组里面都有值了,两个数组的第0号位置都有一个值了。有值以后就打包成元组RACTuple发送出去。并清空两个数组0号位置存储的值。</li> <li>以后两个信号每次发送一个,就先存储在数组中,只要有“配对”的另一个信号,就一起打包成元组RACTuple发送出去。从图中也可以看出,zipWith之后的新信号,每个信号的发送时刻是等于两个信号最晚发出信号的时刻。</li> <li>新信号的完成时间,是当两者任意一个信号完成并且数组里面为空,就算完成了。所以最后第一个信号发送的5的那个值就被丢弃了。</li> </ol> <p>第一个信号依次发送的1,2,3,4的值和第二个信号依次发送的A,B,C,D的值,一一的合在了一起,就像拉链把他们拉在一起。由于5没法配对,所以拉链也拉不上了。</p> <h3><strong>五. 最后</strong></h3> <p>本来这篇文章想把Map,combineLatest,flattenMap,flatten这些也一起分析了,但是后来看到RACSingnal的操作实在有点多,于是按照源码的文件分开了,这里先把RACSignal文件里面的操作都分析完了。RACSignal文件里面的操作主要就bind,concat和zipWith三个操作。下一篇再分析分析RACSignal+Operations文件里面的所有操作。</p> <p>请大家多多指教。</p> <p> </p> <p>来自:http://www.jianshu.com/p/d7d951a99db8</p> <p> </p>
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