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ty061032
8年前发布

Netty 模拟 Redis 服务器

   <p>Redis的客户端与服务端采用叫做 <strong>RESP(Redis Serialization Protocol)</strong> 的网络通信协议交换数据,客户端和服务器通过 TCP 连接来进行数据交互, 服务器默认的端口号为 6379 。客户端和服务器发送的命令或数据一律以 <strong>\r\n (CRLF)</strong> 结尾。</p>    <p>RESP支持五种数据类型:</p>    <p>状态回复(status reply): 以“+”开头,表示正确的状态信息,”+”后就是具体信息​,比如:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">redis 127.0.0.1:6379> set ss sdf  OK</code></pre>    <p>其实它真正回复的数据是:+OK\r\n</p>    <p>错误回复(error reply):</p>    <p>以”-“开头,表示错误的状态信息,”-“后就是具体信息,比如:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">redis 127.0.0.1:6379> incr ss  (error) ERR value is not an integer or out of range</code></pre>    <p>整数回复(integer reply): 以”:”开头,表示对某些操作的回复比如DEL, EXISTS, INCR等等</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">redis 127.0.0.1:6379> incr aa  (integer) 1</code></pre>    <p>批量回复(bulk reply): 以”$”开头,表示下一行的字符串长度,具体字符串在下一行中</p>    <p>多条批量回复(multi bulk reply): 以”*”开头,表示消息体总共有多少行(不包括当前行)”*”是具体行数</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">redis 127.0.0.1:6379> get ss  "sdf"    客户端->服务器  *2\r\n  $3\r\n  get\r\n  $2\r\n  ss\r\n  服务器->客户端  $3\r\n  sdf\r\n</code></pre>    <p>注:以上写的都是XX回复,并不是说协议格式只是适用于服务器->客户端,客户端->服务器端也同样使用以上协议格式,其实双端协议格式的统一更加方便扩展</p>    <p>回到正题,我们这里是通过netty来模拟redis服务器,可以整理一下思路大概分为这么几步:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">1.需要一个底层的通信框架,这里选择的是netty4.0.25  2.需要对客户端穿过来的数据进行解码(Decoder),其实就是分别处理以上5种数据类型  3.解码以后我们封装成更加利于理解的命令(Command),比如:set<name> foo hello<params>  4.有了命令以后就是处理命令(execute),其实我们可以去连接正在的redis服务器,不过这里只是简单的模拟  5.处理完之后就是封装回复(Reply),然后编码(Encoder),需要根据不同的命令分别返回以后5种数据类型  6.测试验证,通过redis-cli去连接netty模拟的redis服务器,看能否返回正确的结果</code></pre>    <p>以上思路参考github上的一个项目: <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959713578171838898" rel="nofollow,noindex">https://github.com/spullara/redis-protocol</a> ,测试代码也是在此基础上做了一个简化</p>    <p>第一步:通信框架netty</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java"><dependency>   <groupId>io.netty</groupId>   <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>   <version>4.0.25.Final</version>  </dependency></code></pre>    <p>第二步:数据类型解码</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public class RedisCommandDecoder extends ReplayingDecoder<Void> {     public static final char CR = '\r';   public static final char LF = '\n';     public static final byte DOLLAR_BYTE = '$';   public static final byte ASTERISK_BYTE = '*';     private byte[][] bytes;   private int arguments = 0;     @Override   protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in,     List<Object> out) throws Exception {    if (bytes != null) {     int numArgs = bytes.length;     for (int i = arguments; i < numArgs; i++) {      if (in.readByte() == DOLLAR_BYTE) {       int l = RedisReplyDecoder.readInt(in);       if (l > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {        throw new IllegalArgumentException(          "Java only supports arrays up to "            + Integer.MAX_VALUE + " in size");       }       int size = (int) l;       bytes[i] = new byte[size];       in.readBytes(bytes[i]);       if (in.bytesBefore((byte) CR) != 0) {        throw new RedisException("Argument doesn't end in CRLF");       }       // Skip CRLF(\r\n)       in.skipBytes(2);       arguments++;       checkpoint();      } else {       throw new IOException("Unexpected character");      }     }     try {      out.add(new Command(bytes));     } finally {      bytes = null;      arguments = 0;     }    } else if (in.readByte() == ASTERISK_BYTE) {     int l = RedisReplyDecoder.readInt(in);     if (l > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {      throw new IllegalArgumentException(        "Java only supports arrays up to " + Integer.MAX_VALUE          + " in size");     }     int numArgs = (int) l;     if (numArgs < 0) {      throw new RedisException("Invalid size: " + numArgs);     }     bytes = new byte[numArgs][];     checkpoint();     decode(ctx, in, out);    } else {     in.readerIndex(in.readerIndex() - 1);     byte[][] b = new byte[1][];     b[0] = in.readBytes(in.bytesBefore((byte) CR)).array();     in.skipBytes(2);     out.add(new Command(b, true));    }   }    }</code></pre>    <p>首先通过接受到以“*”开头的多条批量类型初始化二维数组byte[][] bytes,以读取到第一个以\r\n结尾的数据作为数组的长度,然后再处理以“$”开头的批量类型。</p>    <p>以上除了处理我们熟悉的批量和多条批量类型外,还处理了没有任何标识的数据,其实有一个专门的名字叫 <strong> Inline命令: </strong></p>    <p>有些时候仅仅是telnet连接Redis服务,或者是仅仅向Redis服务发送一个命令进行检测。虽然Redis协议可以很容易的实现,但是使用Interactive sessions 并不理想,而且redis-cli也不总是可以使用。基于这些原因,Redis支持特殊的命令来实现上面描述的情况。这些命令的设计是很人性化的,被称作Inline 命令。</p>    <p>第三步:封装command对象</p>    <p>由第二步中可以看到不管是commandName还是params都统一放在了字节二维数组里面,最后封装在command对象里面</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public class Command {   public static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTES = new byte[0];     private final Object name;   private final Object[] objects;   private final boolean inline;     public Command(Object[] objects) {    this(null, objects, false);   }     public Command(Object[] objects, boolean inline) {    this(null, objects, inline);   }     private Command(Object name, Object[] objects, boolean inline) {    this.name = name;    this.objects = objects;    this.inline = inline;   }     public byte[] getName() {    if (name != null)     return getBytes(name);    return getBytes(objects[0]);   }     public boolean isInline() {    return inline;   }     private byte[] getBytes(Object object) {    byte[] argument;    if (object == null) {     argument = EMPTY_BYTES;    } else if (object instanceof byte[]) {     argument = (byte[]) object;    } else if (object instanceof ByteBuf) {     argument = ((ByteBuf) object).array();    } else if (object instanceof String) {     argument = ((String) object).getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8);    } else {     argument = object.toString().getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8);    }    return argument;   }     public void toArguments(Object[] arguments, Class<?>[] types) {    for (int position = 0; position < types.length; position++) {     if (position >= arguments.length) {      throw new IllegalArgumentException(        "wrong number of arguments for '"          + new String(getName()) + "' command");     }     if (objects.length - 1 > position) {      arguments[position] = objects[1 + position];     }    }   }    }</code></pre>    <p>所有的数据都放在了Object数组里面,而且可以通过getName方法知道Object[0]就是commandName</p>    <p>第四步:执行命令</p>    <p>在经历了解码和封装之后,下面需要实现handler类,用来处理消息</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public class RedisCommandHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Command> {     private Map<String, Wrapper> methods = new HashMap<String, Wrapper>();     interface Wrapper {    Reply<?> execute(Command command) throws RedisException;   }     public RedisCommandHandler(final RedisServer rs) {    Class<? extends RedisServer> aClass = rs.getClass();    for (final Method method : aClass.getMethods()) {     final Class<?>[] types = method.getParameterTypes();     methods.put(method.getName(), new Wrapper() {      @Override      public Reply<?> execute(Command command) throws RedisException {       Object[] objects = new Object[types.length];       try {        command.toArguments(objects, types);        return (Reply<?>) method.invoke(rs, objects);       } catch (Exception e) {        return new ErrorReply("ERR " + e.getMessage());       }      }     });    }   }     @Override   public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {    ctx.flush();   }     @Override   protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Command msg)     throws Exception {    String name = new String(msg.getName());    Wrapper wrapper = methods.get(name);    Reply<?> reply;    if (wrapper == null) {     reply = new ErrorReply("unknown command '" + name + "'");    } else {     reply = wrapper.execute(msg);    }    if (reply == StatusReply.QUIT) {     ctx.close();    } else {     if (msg.isInline()) {      if (reply == null) {       reply = new InlineReply(null);      } else {       reply = new InlineReply(reply.data());      }     }     if (reply == null) {      reply = ErrorReply.NYI_REPLY;     }     ctx.write(reply);    }   }  }</code></pre>    <p>在实例化handler的时候传入了一个RedisServer对象,这个方法是真正用来处理redis命令的,理论上这个对象应该支持redis的所有命令,不过这里只是测试所有只提供了2个方法:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public interface RedisServer {     public BulkReply get(byte[] key0) throws RedisException;     public StatusReply set(byte[] key0, byte[] value1) throws RedisException;    }</code></pre>    <p>在channelRead0方法中我们可以拿到之前封装好的command方法,然后通过命令名称执行操作,这里的RedisServer也很简单,只是用简单的hashmap进行临时的保存数据。</p>    <p>第五步:封装回复</p>    <p>第四步种我们可以看到处理完命令之后,返回了一个Reply对象</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public interface Reply<T> {     byte[] CRLF = new byte[] { RedisReplyDecoder.CR, RedisReplyDecoder.LF };     T data();     void write(ByteBuf os) throws IOException;  }</code></pre>    <p>根据上面提到的5种类型再加上一个inline命令,根据不同的数据格式进行拼接,比如StatusReply:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public void write(ByteBuf os) throws IOException {   os.writeByte('+');   os.writeBytes(statusBytes);   os.writeBytes(CRLF);  }</code></pre>    <p>所以对应Decoder的Encoder就很简单了:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public class RedisReplyEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Reply<?>> {   @Override   public void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Reply<?> msg, ByteBuf out)     throws Exception {    msg.write(out);   }  }</code></pre>    <p>只需要将封装好的Reply返回给客户端就行了</p>    <p>最后一步:测试</p>    <p>启动类:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">public class Main {   private static Integer port = 6379;     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {    final RedisCommandHandler commandHandler = new RedisCommandHandler(      new SimpleRedisServer());      ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();    final DefaultEventExecutorGroup group = new DefaultEventExecutorGroup(1);    try {     b.group(new NioEventLoopGroup(), new NioEventLoopGroup())       .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)       .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100).localAddress(port)       .childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)       .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {        @Override        public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)          throws Exception {         ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline();         p.addLast(new RedisCommandDecoder());         p.addLast(new RedisReplyEncoder());         p.addLast(group, commandHandler);        }       });       ChannelFuture f = b.bind().sync();     f.channel().closeFuture().sync();    } finally {     group.shutdownGracefully();    }   }  }</code></pre>    <p>ChannelPipeline分别添加了RedisCommandDecoder、RedisReplyEncoder和RedisCommandHandler,同时我们启动的端口和Redis服务器端口是一样的也是 <strong>6379</strong></p>    <p>打开redis-cli程序:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-java">redis 127.0.0.1:6379> get dsf  (nil)  redis 127.0.0.1:6379> set dsf dsfds  OK  redis 127.0.0.1:6379> get dsf  "dsfds"  redis 127.0.0.1:6379></code></pre>    <p>从结果可以看出和正常使用redis服务器没有差别</p>    <p>总结</p>    <p>这样做的意义其实就是可以把它当做一个 <strong>redis代理</strong> ,由这个代理服务器去进行sharding处理,客户端不直接访问redis服务器,对客户端来说,后台redis集群是完全透明的。</p>    <p> </p>    <p>来自:http://my.oschina.net/OutOfMemory/blog/738865</p>    <p> </p>    
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