使用 Python 生成二维条形码 QR Codes
前几天，我估摸着做一个能生成QR Code小程序，并能用wxPython在屏幕上显示出来。当然，我想用纯Python实现，观望了一会后，我找到了三个候选：
- github 上的 python-qrcode
- sourceforge上的 pyqrcode
- Goolge code 上的 pyqrnative
我尝试了python-qrcode以及pyqrnative，因为它们能够运行在Windows/Mac/Linux。也不需要依赖额外的其他库除了Python图像库。pyqrcode项目需要其他一些先决条件，并且不能在Windows上运行，所以我不想与之纠缠了。我最后使用了一些以前写过的一个Photo Viewer程序的代码，然后稍微地修改了一下，就成了QRCode的查看器了。
开始
正如我上面提到的，你只需要Python图像库，GUI部分我们将使用wxPython。python-qrcode相比pyqrnative生成图片更快，并包含了你见过的大多数QR码类型。
生成 QR Codes
当你准备好所有需要的以后，你可以运行以下代码，看看Python做了些啥：
import os import wx
try: import qrcode except ImportError: qrcode = None
try: import PyQRNative except ImportError: PyQRNative = None
class QRPanel(wx.Panel): """"""
#---------------------------------------------------------------------- def __init__(self, parent): """Constructor""" wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent=parent) self.photo_max_size = 240 sp = wx.StandardPaths.Get() self.defaultLocation = sp.GetDocumentsDir() img = wx.EmptyImage(240,240) self.imageCtrl = wx.StaticBitmap(self, wx.ID_ANY, wx.BitmapFromImage(img)) qrDataLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label="Text to turn into QR Code:") self.qrDataTxt = wx.TextCtrl(self, value="http://www.mousevspython.com", size=(200,-1)) instructions = "Name QR image file" instructLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label=instructions) self.qrPhotoTxt = wx.TextCtrl(self, size=(200,-1)) browseBtn = wx.Button(self, label='Change Save Location') browseBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onBrowse) defLbl = "Default save location: " + self.defaultLocation self.defaultLocationLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label=defLbl) qrcodeBtn = wx.Button(self, label="Create QR with qrcode") qrcodeBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onUseQrcode) pyQRNativeBtn = wx.Button(self, label="Create QR with PyQRNative") pyQRNativeBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onUsePyQR) # Create sizer self.mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) qrDataSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) locationSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) qrBtnSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) qrDataSizer.Add(qrDataLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5) qrDataSizer.Add(self.qrDataTxt, 1, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 5) self.mainSizer.Add(wx.StaticLine(self, wx.ID_ANY), 0, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 5) self.mainSizer.Add(qrDataSizer, 0, wx.EXPAND) self.mainSizer.Add(self.imageCtrl, 0, wx.ALL, 5) locationSizer.Add(instructLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5) locationSizer.Add(self.qrPhotoTxt, 0, wx.ALL, 5) locationSizer.Add(browseBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5) self.mainSizer.Add(locationSizer, 0, wx.ALL, 5) self.mainSizer.Add(self.defaultLocationLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5) qrBtnSizer.Add(qrcodeBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5) qrBtnSizer.Add(pyQRNativeBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5) self.mainSizer.Add(qrBtnSizer, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 10) self.SetSizer(self.mainSizer) self.Layout() #---------------------------------------------------------------------- def onBrowse(self, event): """""" dlg = wx.DirDialog(self, "Choose a directory:", style=wx.DD_DEFAULT_STYLE) if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: path = dlg.GetPath() self.defaultLocation = path self.defaultLocationLbl.SetLabel("Save location: %s" % path) dlg.Destroy() #---------------------------------------------------------------------- def onUseQrcode(self, event): """ https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode
""" qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=1, box_size=10, border=4) qr.add_data(self.qrDataTxt.GetValue()) qr.make(fit=True) x = qr.make_image() qr_file = os.path.join(self.defaultLocation, self.qrPhotoTxt.GetValue() + ".jpg") img_file = open(qr_file, 'wb') x.save(img_file, 'JPEG') img_file.close() self.showQRCode(qr_file) #---------------------------------------------------------------------- def onUsePyQR(self, event): """
http://code.google.com/p/pyqrnative/
""" qr = PyQRNative.QRCode(20, PyQRNative.QRErrorCorrectLevel.L) qr.addData(self.qrDataTxt.GetValue()) qr.make() im = qr.makeImage() qr_file = os.path.join(self.defaultLocation, self.qrPhotoTxt.GetValue() + ".jpg") img_file = open(qr_file, 'wb') im.save(img_file, 'JPEG') img_file.close() self.showQRCode(qr_file) #---------------------------------------------------------------------- def showQRCode(self, filepath): """""" img = wx.Image(filepath, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY) # scale the image, preserving the aspect ratio W = img.GetWidth() H = img.GetHeight() if W > H: NewW = self.photo_max_size NewH = self.photo_max_size * H / W else: NewH = self.photo_max_size NewW = self.photo_max_size * W / H img = img.Scale(NewW,NewH) self.imageCtrl.SetBitmap(wx.BitmapFromImage(img)) self.Refresh()
class QRFrame(wx.Frame): """"""
#---------------------------------------------------------------------- def __init__(self): """Constructor""" wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title="QR Code Viewer", size=(550,500)) panel = QRPanel(self)
if name == " main ": app = wx.App(False) frame = QRFrame() frame.Show() app.MainLoop()
importos importwx try: importqrcode exceptImportError: qrcode = None try: importPyQRNative exceptImportError: PyQRNative = None ######################################################################## class QRPanel(wx.Panel): """""" #---------------------------------------------------------------------- def__init__(self, parent): """Constructor""" wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent=parent) self.photo_max_size = 240 sp = wx.StandardPaths.Get() self.defaultLocation = sp.GetDocumentsDir() img = wx.EmptyImage(240,240) self.imageCtrl = wx.StaticBitmap(self, wx.ID_ANY, wx.BitmapFromImage(img)) qrDataLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label="Text to turn into QR Code:") self.qrDataTxt = wx.TextCtrl(self, value="http://www.mousevspython.com", size=(200,-1)) instructions = "Name QR image file" instructLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label=instructions) self.qrPhotoTxt = wx.TextCtrl(self, size=(200,-1)) browseBtn = wx.Button(self, label='Change Save Location') browseBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onBrowse) defLbl = "Default save location: " + self.defaultLocation self.defaultLocationLbl = wx.StaticText(self, label=defLbl) qrcodeBtn = wx.Button(self, label="Create QR with qrcode") qrcodeBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onUseQrcode) pyQRNativeBtn = wx.Button(self, label="Create QR with PyQRNative") pyQRNativeBtn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onUsePyQR) # Create sizer self.mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) qrDataSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) locationSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) qrBtnSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) qrDataSizer.Add(qrDataLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5) qrDataSizer.Add(self.qrDataTxt, 1, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 5) self.mainSizer.Add(wx.StaticLine(self, wx.ID_ANY), 0, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 5) self.mainSizer.Add(qrDataSizer, 0, wx.EXPAND) self.mainSizer.Add(self.imageCtrl, 0, wx.ALL, 5) locationSizer.Add(instructLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5) locationSizer.Add(self.qrPhotoTxt, 0, wx.ALL, 5) locationSizer.Add(browseBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5) self.mainSizer.Add(locationSizer, 0, wx.ALL, 5) self.mainSizer.Add(self.defaultLocationLbl, 0, wx.ALL, 5) qrBtnSizer.Add(qrcodeBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5) qrBtnSizer.Add(pyQRNativeBtn, 0, wx.ALL, 5) self.mainSizer.Add(qrBtnSizer, 0, wx.ALL|wx.CENTER, 10) self.SetSizer(self.mainSizer) self.Layout() #---------------------------------------------------------------------- defonBrowse(self, event): """""" dlg = wx.DirDialog(self, "Choose a directory:", style=wx.DD_DEFAULT_STYLE) if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: path = dlg.GetPath() self.defaultLocation = path self.defaultLocationLbl.SetLabel("Save location: %s" % path) dlg.Destroy() #---------------------------------------------------------------------- defonUseQrcode(self, event): """ https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode """ qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=1, box_size=10, border=4) qr.add_data(self.qrDataTxt.GetValue()) qr.make(fit=True) x = qr.make_image() qr_file = os.path.join(self.defaultLocation, self.qrPhotoTxt.GetValue() + ".jpg") img_file = open(qr_file, 'wb') x.save(img_file, 'JPEG') img_file.close() self.showQRCode(qr_file) #---------------------------------------------------------------------- defonUsePyQR(self, event): """ http://code.google.com/p/pyqrnative/ """ qr = PyQRNative.QRCode(20, PyQRNative.QRErrorCorrectLevel.L) qr.addData(self.qrDataTxt.GetValue()) qr.make() im = qr.makeImage() qr_file = os.path.join(self.defaultLocation, self.qrPhotoTxt.GetValue() + ".jpg") img_file = open(qr_file, 'wb') im.save(img_file, 'JPEG') img_file.close() self.showQRCode(qr_file) #---------------------------------------------------------------------- defshowQRCode(self, filepath): """""" img = wx.Image(filepath, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY) # scale the image, preserving the aspect ratio W = img.GetWidth() H = img.GetHeight() if W > H: NewW = self.photo_max_size NewH = self.photo_max_size * H / W else: NewH = self.photo_max_size NewW = self.photo_max_size * W / H img = img.Scale(NewW,NewH) self.imageCtrl.SetBitmap(wx.BitmapFromImage(img)) self.Refresh() ######################################################################## class QRFrame(wx.Frame): """""" #---------------------------------------------------------------------- def__init__(self): """Constructor""" wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title="QR Code Viewer", size=(550,500)) panel = QRPanel(self) if __name__ == "__main__": app = wx.App(False) frame = QRFrame() frame.Show() app.MainLoop()</div> python-qrcode生成效果图：
PyQRNative生成效果图：
译者注：Java QrCode 生成可选用d-project, 点击查看实例
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