Shrio登陆验证实例详细解读
摘要：本文采用了Spring+SpringMVC+Mybatis+Shiro+Msql来写了一个登陆验证的实例，下面来看看过程吧！整个工程基于Mavevn来创建，运行环境为JDK1.6+WIN7+tomcat7.
这里主要说了Shiro的搭建过程，Spring+SpringMVC+Mybatis的搭建过可以看这里Spring+Mybatis+SpringMVC+Maven+MySql搭建实例
整体工程免费下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/evankaka/9331135
最终效果如下：
工程整体的目录如下：
java代码如下：
配置文件如下：
页面资源如下：
好了，下面来简单说下过程吧！
准备工作：
先建表：
drop table if exists user; CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` int(11) primary key auto_increment, `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `birthday` date DEFAULT NULL, `password` varchar(20) NOT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; insert into user values(1,'lin',12,'2013-12-01','123456'); insert into user values(2,'apple',34,'1999-12-01','123456'); insert into user values(3,'evankaka',23,'2017-12-01','123456');
建好后，新建一个Maven的webApp的工程，记得把结构设置成上面的那样！
下面来看看一些代码和配置
1、POM文件
注意不要少导包了，如果项目出现红叉，一般都是JDK版本的设置问题，自己百度一下就可以解决
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.lin</groupId> <artifactId>ShiroLearn1</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>ShiroLearn1 Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <!-- spring版本号 --> <spring.version>3.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version> <!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 --> <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version> <!-- junit版本号 --> <junit.version>4.10</junit.version> <!-- mybatis版本号 --> <mybatis.version>3.2.1</mybatis.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- 添加Spring依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--单元测试依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- 日志文件管理包 --> <!-- log start --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- log end --> <!--spring单元测试依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--mybatis依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- mybatis/spring包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.2.0</version> </dependency> <!-- mysql驱动包 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.29</version> </dependency> <!-- servlet驱动包 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.0-alpha-1</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring 整合Shiro需要的依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId> <version>1.2.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId> <version>1.2.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-ehcache</artifactId> <version>1.2.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId> <version>1.2.1</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring 整合Shiro需要的依赖 --> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>ShiroLearn1</finalName> <plugins> <!-- 指定web项目 版本 --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <version>2.4</version> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- 指定编译使用 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> <configuration> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>2、自定义Shiro拦截器
这里这个拦截器完成了用户名和密码的验证，验证成功后又给用赋角色和权限（注意，这里赋角色和权限我直接写进去了，没有使用数据库，一般都是要通过service层找到用户名后，再去数据库查该用户对应的角色以及权限，然后再加入到shiro中去）
代码如下：
package com.lin.realm; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken; import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken; import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo; import org.apache.shiro.cache.Cache; import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm; import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection; import org.apache.shiro.subject.SimplePrincipalCollection; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import com.lin.domain.User; import com.lin.service.UserService; import com.lin.utils.CipherUtil; public class ShiroDbRealm extends AuthorizingRealm { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ShiroDbRealm.class); private static final String ALGORITHM = "MD5"; @Autowired private UserService userService; public ShiroDbRealm() { super(); } /** * 验证登陆 */ @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo( AuthenticationToken authcToken) throws AuthenticationException { UsernamePasswordToken token = (UsernamePasswordToken) authcToken; System.out.println(token.getUsername()); User user = userService.findUserByLoginName(token.getUsername()); System.out.println(user); CipherUtil cipher = new CipherUtil();//MD5加密 if (user != null) { return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user.getName(), cipher.generatePassword(user.getPassword()), getName()); }else{ throw new AuthenticationException(); } } /** * 登陆成功之后，进行角色和权限验证 */ @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) { /*这里应该根据userName使用role和permission 的serive层来做判断，并将对应 的权限加进来，下面简化了这一步*/ Set<String> roleNames = new HashSet<String>(); Set<String> permissions = new HashSet<String>(); roleNames.add("admin");//添加角色。对应到index.jsp roleNames.add("administrator"); permissions.add("create");//添加权限,对应到index.jsp permissions.add("login.do?main"); permissions.add("login.do?logout"); SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo(roleNames); info.setStringPermissions(permissions); return info; } /** * 清除所有用户授权信息缓存. */ public void clearCachedAuthorizationInfo(String principal) { SimplePrincipalCollection principals = new SimplePrincipalCollection(principal, getName()); clearCachedAuthorizationInfo(principals); } /** * 清除所有用户授权信息缓存. */ public void clearAllCachedAuthorizationInfo() { Cache<Object, AuthorizationInfo> cache = getAuthorizationCache(); if (cache != null) { for (Object key : cache.keys()) { cache.remove(key); } } } // @PostConstruct // public void initCredentialsMatcher() {//MD5鍔犲瘑 // HashedCredentialsMatcher matcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher(ALGORITHM); // setCredentialsMatcher(matcher); // } } 3、shiro的配置文件 ：spring-shiro.xml
内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="true"> <description>Shiro Configuration</description> <!-- Shiro's main business-tier object for web-enabled applications --> <bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager"> <property name="realm" ref="shiroDbRealm" /> <property name="cacheManager" ref="cacheManager" /> </bean> <!-- 項目自定义的Realm --> <bean id="shiroDbRealm" class="com.lin.realm.ShiroDbRealm"> <property name="cacheManager" ref="cacheManager" /> </bean> <!-- Shiro Filter --> <bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean"> <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager" /> <property name="loginUrl" value="/login.do" /> <property name="successUrl" value="/view/index.html" /> <property name="unauthorizedUrl" value="/error/noperms.jsp" /> <property name="filterChainDefinitions"> <value> /index.html = authc /checkLogin.do = anon /login.do = anon /logout.html = anon /** = authc </value> </property> </bean> <!-- 用户授权信息Cache --> <bean id="cacheManager" class="org.apache.shiro.cache.MemoryConstrainedCacheManager" /> <!-- 保证实现了Shiro内部lifecycle函数的bean执行 --> <bean id="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor" /> <!-- AOP式方法级权限检查 --> <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator" depends-on="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor"> <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true" /> </bean> <bean class="org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor"> <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager" /> </bean> </beans>
这里简要说明下：
（1）
securityManager：这个属性是必须的。
loginUrl：没有登录的用户请求需要登录的页面时自动跳转到登录页面，不是必须的属性，不输入地址的话会自动寻找项目web项目的根目录下的”/login.jsp”页面。
successUrl：登录成功默认跳转页面，不配置则跳转至”/”。如果登陆前点击的一个需要登录的页面，则在登录自动跳转到那个需要登录的页面。不跳转到此。
unauthorizedUrl：没有权限默认跳转的页面。
（2）
anon:例子/admins/**=anon 没有参数，表示可以匿名使用。
authc:例如/admins/user/**=authc表示需要认证(登录)才能使用，没有参数
roles：例子/admins/user/**=roles[admin],参数可以写多个，多个时必须加上引号，并且参数之间用逗号分割，当有多个参数时，例如admins/user/**=roles["admin,guest"],每个参数通过才算通过，相当于hasAllRoles()方法。
perms：例子/admins/user/**=perms[user:add:*],参数可以写多个，多个时必须加上引号，并且参数之间用逗号分割，例如/admins/user/**=perms["user:add:*,user:modify:*"]，当有多个参数时必须每个参数都通过才通过，想当于isPermitedAll()方法。
rest：例子/admins/user/**=rest[user],根据请求的方法，相当于/admins/user/**=perms[user:method] ,其中method为post，get，delete等。
port：例子/admins/user/**=port[8081],当请求的url的端口不是8081是跳转到schemal://serverName:8081?queryString,其中schmal是协议http或https等，serverName是你访问的host,8081是url配置里port的端口，queryString
是你访问的url里的？后面的参数。
authcBasic：例如/admins/user/**=authcBasic没有参数表示httpBasic认证
ssl:例子/admins/user/**=ssl没有参数，表示安全的url请求，协议为https
user:例如/admins/user/**=user没有参数表示必须存在用户，当登入操作时不做检查
注：anon，authcBasic，auchc，user是认证过滤器，
perms，roles，ssl，rest，port是授权过滤器
4、web.xml配置解读shiro的配置文件（上面的）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <!-- 起始欢迎界面 --> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>/login.do</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 读取spring配置文件 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:application.xml,classpath:shiro/spring-shiro.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 设计路径变量值 --> <context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name> <param-value>springmvc.root</param-value> </context-param> <!-- Spring字符集过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 日志记录 --> <context-param> <!-- 日志配置文件路径 --> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <!-- 日志页面的刷新间隔 --> <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name> <param-value>6000</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 防止spring内存溢出监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- springMVC核心配置 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <!--spingMVC的配置路径 --> <param-value>classpath:springmvc/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- 拦截设置 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置session超时时间，单位分钟 --> <session-config> <session-timeout>15</session-timeout> </session-config> <error-page> <error-code>404</error-code> <location>/WEB-INF/views/error/404.jsp</location> </error-page> <error-page> <error-code>401</error-code> <location>/WEB-INF/views/error/401.jsp</location> </error-page> </web-app>
这里不仅配置了SpringMVC还要配置Shiro！
5、登陆页面login.jsp
以下是默认登陆的界面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String url = request.getRequestURL().toString(); url = url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf("//") + 2)); String context = request.getContextPath(); url += context; application.setAttribute("ctx", url); %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <form action="${ctx}/checkLogin.do" method="post"> username: <input type="text" name="username"><br> password: <input type="password" name="password"><br> <input type="submit" value="登录"> </form> </body> </html>6、验证成功页面index.jsp
如果用户名和密码正确后，跳转到的页面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="shiro" uri="http://shiro.apache.org/tags"%> <% String url = request.getRequestURL().toString(); url = url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf("//") + 2)); String context = request.getContextPath(); url += context; application.setAttribute("ctx", url); %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Shiro登陆实例</title> </head> <body> <h1>Shiro登陆实例</h1><a href="${ctx}/logout.html">退出</a> <p>一、验证当前用户是否为"访客"，即未认证（包含未记住）的用户</p> <shiro:guest> Hi there! Please <a href="login.jsp">Login</a> or <a href="signup.jsp">Signup</a> today! </shiro:guest> <p>二、认证通过或已记住的用户</p> <shiro:user> Welcome back John! Not John? Click <a href="login.jsp">here<a> to login. </shiro:user> <p>三、已认证通过的用户。不包含已记住的用户，这是与user标签的区别所在。</p> <shiro:authenticated> <a href="updateAccount.jsp">Update your contact information</a>. </shiro:authenticated> <p>四、未认证通过用户，与authenticated标签相对应。与guest标签的区别是，该标签包含已记住用户。</p> <shiro:notAuthenticated> Please <a href="login.jsp">login</a> in order to update your credit card information. </shiro:notAuthenticated> <p>五、输出当前用户信息，通常为登录帐号信息</p> Hello, <shiro:principal/>, how are you today? <p>六、验证当前用户是否属于该角色</p> <shiro:hasRole name="administrator"> <a href="admin.jsp">Administer the system</a> </shiro:hasRole> <p>七、与hasRole标签逻辑相反，当用户不属于该角色时验证通过</p> <shiro:lacksRole name="administrator"> Sorry, you are not allowed to administer the system. </shiro:lacksRole> <p>八、验证当前用户是否属于以下任意一个角色。</p> <shiro:hasAnyRoles name="developer,manager,administrator"> You are either a developer,manager, or administrator. </shiro:hasAnyRoles> <p>九、验证当前用户权限。</p> <shiro:hasPermission name="create"> <p>当前用户拥有增加的权限！！！！！！！！！！！！！</p> </shiro:hasPermission> <shiro:hasPermission name="delete"> <p>当前用户拥有删除的权限！！！！！！！！！！！！！</p> </shiro:hasPermission> </body> </html>其它页面就不说了，具体看工程吧！
7、controller层来看看
这里/{id}/showUser主要是来验证是否连接成功（现在无法测试了），当然在工程里你也可以到src/test/java里的包com.lin.service下的UserServiceTest.java，那里我也写了一个单元测试的类。
package com.lin.controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils; import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken; import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.lin.domain.User; import com.lin.realm.ShiroDbRealm; import com.lin.service.UserService; import com.lin.utils.CipherUtil; @Controller public class UserControler { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ShiroDbRealm.class); @Autowired private UserService userService; /** * 验证springmvc与batis连接成功 * @param id * @param request * @return */ @RequestMapping("/{id}/showUser") public String showUser(@PathVariable int id, HttpServletRequest request) { User user = userService.getUserById(id); System.out.println(user.getName()); request.setAttribute("user", user); return "showUser"; } /** * 初始登陆界面 * @param request * @return */ @RequestMapping("/login.do") public String tologin(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Model model){ logger.debug("来自IP[" + request.getRemoteHost() + "]的访问"); return "login"; } /** * 验证用户名和密码 * @param request * @return */ @RequestMapping("/checkLogin.do") public String login(HttpServletRequest request) { String result = "login.do"; // 取得用户名 String username = request.getParameter("username"); //取得 密码，并用MD5加密 String password = CipherUtil.generatePassword(request.getParameter("password")); //String password = request.getParameter("password"); UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password); Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); try { System.out.println("----------------------------"); if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()){//使用shiro来验证 token.setRememberMe(true); currentUser.login(token);//验证角色和权限 } System.out.println("result: " + result); result = "index";//验证成功 } catch (Exception e) { logger.error(e.getMessage()); result = "login。do";//验证失败 } return result; } /** * 退出 * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/logout") @ResponseBody public String logout() { Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); String result = "logout"; currentUser.logout(); return result; } }再来看看效果吧！ 本文由用户 jopen 自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流。所有权归原作者，若您的权利被侵害，请联系管理员。
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