CefSharp初识--把网页移到桌面的神器
在开发中我们可曾有过这样的需求，将某个网页嵌入到.Net应用中来，但Winform自带的web browser不怎么理想。CefSharp可以让我们在.Net应用中嵌入一个Chromium。它提供了WPF和Winform版的web browser 控件，能很好的渲染出HTML5效果而且和宿主程序有很强的交互能力。 git地址： https://github.com/cefsharp/CefSharp 。
在WPF中使用
在Nugget中输入CefSharp，找到CefSharp.WPF 并按照到工程中。
cefsharp不支持anycup,还需要设置一下目标平台为x86或x64. 具体请移步： http://www.cnblogs.com/yuefei/p/4123597.html
渲染效果
加入一个css3的动画： 转动的风车 。 元素结构还是很清晰，但动画效果还是没有浏览器流畅。
交互方法
cefsharp支持JavaScript和C#方法相互调用。首先需要注册一个绑定对象：
private void MainWindow_OnLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { var wb = new ChromiumWebBrowser { Address = @"file:///D:/VS2012/Support/Main/Portal/Presentation/Portal.Client/Resources/BindingTest.html" }; wb.RegisterJsObject("bound", new BoundObject()); WBGrid.Children.Add(wb); } BoundObject：
public class BoundObject { public int MyProperty { get; set; } public string MyReadOnlyProperty { get; internal set; } public Type MyUnconvertibleProperty { get; set; } public SubBoundObject SubObject { get; set; } public ExceptionTestBoundObject ExceptionTestObject { get; set; } public uint[] MyUintArray { get { return new uint[] { 7, 8 }; } } public int[] MyIntArray { get { return new[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }; } } public Array MyArray { get { return new short[] { 1, 2, 3 }; } } public byte[] MyBytes { get { return new byte[] { 3, 4, 5 }; } } public BoundObject() { MyProperty = 42; MyReadOnlyProperty = "I'm immutable!"; IgnoredProperty = "I am an Ignored Property"; MyUnconvertibleProperty = GetType(); SubObject = new SubBoundObject(); ExceptionTestObject = new ExceptionTestBoundObject(); } public void TestCallback(IJavascriptCallback javascriptCallback) { const int taskDelay = 1500; Task.Run(async () => { await Task.Delay(taskDelay); await javascriptCallback.ExecuteAsync("This callback from C# was delayed " + taskDelay + "ms"); }); } public int EchoMyProperty() { return MyProperty; } public string Repeat(string str, int n) { string result = String.Empty; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { result += str; } return result; } public string EchoParamOrDefault(string param = "This is the default value") { return param; } public void EchoVoid() { } public Boolean EchoBoolean(Boolean arg0) { return arg0; } public Boolean? EchoNullableBoolean(Boolean? arg0) { return arg0; } public SByte EchoSByte(SByte arg0) { return arg0; } public SByte? EchoNullableSByte(SByte? arg0) { return arg0; } public Int16 EchoInt16(Int16 arg0) { return arg0; } public Int16? EchoNullableInt16(Int16? arg0) { return arg0; } public Int32 EchoInt32(Int32 arg0) { return arg0; } public Int32? EchoNullableInt32(Int32? arg0) { return arg0; } public Int64 EchoInt64(Int64 arg0) { return arg0; } public Int64? EchoNullableInt64(Int64? arg0) { return arg0; } public Byte EchoByte(Byte arg0) { return arg0; } public Byte? EchoNullableByte(Byte? arg0) { return arg0; } public UInt16 EchoUInt16(UInt16 arg0) { return arg0; } public UInt16? EchoNullableUInt16(UInt16? arg0) { return arg0; } public UInt32 EchoUInt32(UInt32 arg0) { return arg0; } public UInt32? EchoNullableUInt32(UInt32? arg0) { return arg0; } public UInt64 EchoUInt64(UInt64 arg0) { return arg0; } public UInt64? EchoNullableUInt64(UInt64? arg0) { return arg0; } public Single EchoSingle(Single arg0) { return arg0; } public Single? EchoNullableSingle(Single? arg0) { return arg0; } public Double EchoDouble(Double arg0) { return arg0; } public Double? EchoNullableDouble(Double? arg0) { return arg0; } public Char EchoChar(Char arg0) { return arg0; } public Char? EchoNullableChar(Char? arg0) { return arg0; } public DateTime EchoDateTime(DateTime arg0) { return arg0; } public DateTime? EchoNullableDateTime(DateTime? arg0) { return arg0; } public Decimal EchoDecimal(Decimal arg0) { return arg0; } public Decimal? EchoNullableDecimal(Decimal? arg0) { return arg0; } public String EchoString(String arg0) { return arg0; } // TODO: This will currently not work, as it causes a collision w/ the EchoString() method. We need to find a way around that I guess. //public String echoString(String arg) //{ // return "Lowercase echo: " + arg; //} public String lowercaseMethod() { return "lowercase"; } public string ReturnJsonEmployeeList() { return "{\"employees\":[{\"firstName\":\"John\", \"lastName\":\"Doe\"},{\"firstName\":\"Anna\", \"lastName\":\"Smith\"},{\"firstName\":\"Peter\", \"lastName\":\"Jones\"}]}"; } [JavascriptIgnore] public string IgnoredProperty { get; set; } [JavascriptIgnore] public string IgnoredMethod() { return "I am an Ignored Method"; } public string ComplexParamObject(object param) { if (param == null) { return "param is null"; } return "The param type is:" + param.GetType(); } public SubBoundObject GetSubObject() { return SubObject; } } View Code JavaScript调用C#方法并执行回调函数：
<p> Javscript Callback Test <br /> <script type="text/javascript"> function callback(s) { var result = document.getElementById('cbresult'); result.innerText += "Callback: " + s+ "" + Date(); } function testCallback() { bound.testCallback(callback); var result = document.getElementById('cbresult'); result.innerText = "The function has returned: " + Date() + "\n"; } </script> <button onclick="testCallback()">Test Callback</button> <br /> <span id="cbresult"></span> </p> 这里的bound就是我们注册的C#对象。其中包含一个TestCallback的方法。调用的时候不区分大小写。
public void TestCallback(IJavascriptCallback javascriptCallback) { const int taskDelay = 1500; Task.Run(async () => { await Task.Delay(taskDelay); using (javascriptCallback) { await javascriptCallback.ExecuteAsync("This callback from C# was delayed " + taskDelay + "ms"); } }); } 执行结果：
先执行了testCallback方法，然后执行了callback，返回了后台传递过来的参数。但如果再执行JavaScript之后页面跳转了，是不会再执行C#里面的回调函数的。
function testDisposedCallback() { bound.testCallback(callback); //这里的方法不会执行了。 var result = document.getElementById('disposedcbresult'); result.innerText = "The function has returned: " + Date() + "\n"; window.location.assign("http://www.baidu.com"); } JavaScript执行有参数的C#方法
BoundObject有一个Repeat方法
public string Repeat(string str, int n) { string result = String.Empty; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { result += str; } return result; } JavaScript调用：
<p> Result of calling bound.repeat("hi ", 5) = <script type="text/javascript"> var result = bound.repeat("hi ", 5); document.write('"' + result + '"'); if (result === "hi hi hi hi hi ") { document.write(" SUCCESS"); } else { document.write(" FAIL!"); } </script> </p> 执行结果：
委托C#方法
将绑定对象的方法作为参数传递给JavaScript方法。
<script type="text/javascript"> function myFunction(functionParam) { return functionParam(); } document.write("委托输出属性结果: " + myFunction(bound.echoMyProperty)); </script>echoMyProperty方法：
public int EchoMyProperty() { return MyProperty;//初始化为42 } 
返回C#对象
BoundObject含有一个子对象 SubBoundObject。通过GetObject返回。
public SubBoundObject GetSubObject() { return SubObject; } SubBoundObject：
public class SubBoundObject { public string SimpleProperty { get; set; } public SubBoundObject() { SimpleProperty = "这是子对象属性"; } public string GetMyType() { return "My Type is " + GetType(); } public string EchoSimpleProperty() { return SimpleProperty; } } View Code JavaScript调用：
<script type="text/javascript"> document.write("bound.getSubObject().simpleProperty result: " + bound.getSubObject().simpleProperty); </script> 执行结果：
获取bound对象的所有方法和属性
'bound的'所有方法:<br /> <ul> <script type="text/javascript"> for (var name in bound) { if (bound[name].constructor.name != 'Function') continue; document.write("<li>" + name + "</li>"); } </script> </ul> 'bound的'所有属性:<br /> <ul> <script type="text/javascript"> for (var name in bound) { if (bound[name].constructor.name === 'Function') continue; document.write("<li>" + name + "</li>"); if (typeof bound[name] == "object" && bound[name] !== null) { //展示子对象属性 for (var sub in bound[name]) { var type = bound[name][sub].constructor.name === 'Function' ? "Function" : "Property"; document.write("<li>" + name + "." + sub + "(" + type + ")" + "</li>"); } } } </script> </ul> 可以在C#对象中忽略掉属性和方法，这样就不会显示出来。
[JavascriptIgnore] public string IgnoredProperty { get; set; } [JavascriptIgnore] public string IgnoredMethod() { return "I am an Ignored Method"; } 整个测试页面：
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>Binding Test</title> </head> <body> <p> Async Binding Test <span id="asyncresult"></span> <script type="text/javascript"> var asResult = document.getElementById('asyncresult'); function writeAsyncResult(call, end) { var p = document.createElement('p'); var br = document.createElement('br'); var br2 = document.createElement('br'); var title = document.createTextNode('Async Call: '); var callText = document.createTextNode(call); var endText = document.createTextNode(end); p.appendChild(title); p.appendChild(br); p.appendChild(callText); p.appendChild(br2); p.appendChild(endText); asResult.appendChild(p); } function asyncError() { var call = "Async call (Throw Exception): " + Date(); boundAsync.error().catch(function (e) { var end = "Error: " + e + "(" + Date() + ")"; writeAsyncResult(call, end); }); } function asyncDivOk() { var call = "Async call (Divide 16 / 2): " + Date(); boundAsync.div(16, 2).then(function (res) { var end = "Result: " + res + "(" + Date() + ")"; writeAsyncResult(call, end); }); } function asyncDivFail() { var call = "Async call (Divide 16 /0): " + Date(); boundAsync.div(16, 0).then(function (res) { var end = "Result: " + res + "(" + Date() + ")"; writeAsyncResult(call, end); }, function (e) { var end = "Error: " + e + "(" + Date() + ")"; writeAsyncResult(call, end); }); } function asyncHello() { var call = "Async call (Hello): " + Date(); boundAsync.hello('CefSharp').then(function (res) { var end = "Result: " + res + "(" + Date() + ")"; writeAsyncResult(call, end); }); } function asyncDoSomething() { var call = "Async call (Long Running Task): " + Date(); boundAsync.doSomething().then(function (res) { var end = "Result: " + res + "(" + Date() + ")"; writeAsyncResult(call, end); }); } asyncError(); asyncDivOk(); asyncDivFail(); asyncDoSomething(); </script> </p> <p> Javscript Callback Test <br /> <script type="text/javascript"> function callback(s) { var result = document.getElementById('cbresult'); result.innerText += "Callback: " + s + "" + Date(); } function testCallback() { bound.testCallback(callback); var result = document.getElementById('cbresult'); result.innerText = "The function has returned: " + Date() + "\n"; } </script> <button onclick="testCallback()">Test Callback</button> <br /> <span id="cbresult"></span> </p> <p> Disposed Javscript Callback Test (navigates to www.google.com before callback fires) <br /> <script type="text/javascript"> function disposedCallback(s) { // This callback should be disposed and should not be called window.alert("This callback should not have been called"); var result = document.getElementById('disposedcbresult'); result.innerText += "Callback: " + s + "" + Date(); } function testDisposedCallback() { bound.testCallback(callback); var result = document.getElementById('disposedcbresult'); result.innerText = "The function has returned: " + Date() + "\n"; window.location.assign("http://www.baidu.com"); } </script> <button onclick="testDisposedCallback()">Test Disposed Callback</button> <br /> <span id="disposedcbresult"></span> </p> <p> Result of calling bound.repeat("hi ", 5) = <script type="text/javascript"> var result = bound.repeat("hi ", 5); document.write('"' + result + '"'); if (result === "hi hi hi hi hi ") { document.write(" SUCCESS"); } else { document.write(" FAIL!"); } </script> </p> <p> 委托c# 方法 <br /> <script type="text/javascript"> function myFunction(functionParam) { return functionParam(); } document.write("委托输出属性结果: " + myFunction(bound.echoMyProperty)); </script> </p> <p> Function returning complex type <br /> <script type="text/javascript"> document.write("bound.getSubObject().simpleProperty result: " + bound.getSubObject().simpleProperty); </script> </p> <p> Stress Test <br /> <script type="text/javascript"> var stressTestCallCount = 1000; for (var i = 1; i <= stressTestCallCount; i++) { bound.repeat("hi ", 5); } document.write("Stress Test done with : " + stressTestCallCount + " call to bound.repeat(\"hi \", 5)"); </script> </p> <p> JSON Serializer Test <br /> <script type="text/javascript"> var json = bound.returnJsonEmployeeList(); var jsonObj = JSON.parse(json); document.write("Employee Count : " + jsonObj.employees.length + "<br/>"); for (var i = 0; i < jsonObj.employees.length; i++) { var employee = jsonObj.employees[i]; document.write("Employee : " + employee.firstName + " " + employee.lastName + "<br/>"); } </script> </p> 'bound的'所有方法:<br /> <ul> <script type="text/javascript"> for (var name in bound) { if (bound[name].constructor.name != 'Function') continue; document.write("<li>" + name + "</li>"); } </script> </ul> 'bound的'所有属性:<br /> <ul> <script type="text/javascript"> for (var name in bound) { if (bound[name].constructor.name === 'Function') continue; document.write("<li>" + name + "</li>"); if (typeof bound[name] == "object" && bound[name] !== null) { //展示子对象属性 for (var sub in bound[name]) { var type = bound[name][sub].constructor.name === 'Function' ? "Function" : "Property"; document.write("<li>" + name + "." + sub + "(" + type + ")" + "</li>"); } } } </script> </ul> </body> </html> View Code WebGL的渲染效果
WebGL是一种3D绘图标准，这种绘图技术标准允许把JavaScript和OpenGL ES 2.0结合在一起，通过增加OpenGL ES 2.0的一个JavaScript绑定，WebGL可以为HTML5 Canvas提供硬件3D加速渲染，这样Web开发人员就可以借助系统显卡来在浏览器里更流畅地展示3D场景和模型了，还能创建复杂的导航和数据视觉化。
测试页面： http://webglsamples.org/aquarium/aquarium.html
这个效果还是不错的。
小结：以上只是简单的测试程序，CEFSharp对html5和JavaScript的支持确实不错。后续有机会做更多分享。
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