项目构建工具Maven
Maven 是一个项目管理和构建自动化工具。但是对于我们程序员来说，我们最关心的是它的项目构建功能。所以这里我们介绍的就是怎样用 maven 来满足我们项目的日常需要。
Maven 使用惯例优于配置的原则 。它要求在没有定制之前，所有的项目都有如下的结构：
| 目录 | 目的 |
|---|---|
| ${basedir} | 存放 pom.xml和所有的子目录 |
| ${basedir}/src/main/java | 项目的 java源代码 |
| ${basedir}/src/main/resources | 项目的资源，比如说 property文件 |
| ${basedir}/src/test/java | 项目的测试类，比如说 JUnit代码 |
| ${basedir}/src/test/resources | 测试使用的资源 |
Maven常用命令
mvn archetype：create 创建Maven项目 mvn compile 编译源代码 mvn deploy 发布项目 mvn test-compile 编译测试源代码 mvn test 运行应用程序中的单元测试 mvn site 生成项目相关信息的网站 mvn clean 清除项目目录中的生成结果 mvn package 根据项目生成的jar mvn install 在本地Repository中安装jar mvn eclipse:eclipse 生成eclipse项目文件 mvnjetty:run 启动jetty服务 mvntomcat:run 启动tomcat服务 mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true:清除以前的包后重新打包，跳过测试类
setting.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd"> <localRepository>/home/clara/.m2/repository</localRepository> <servers> <server> <id>nexus</id> <username>${username}</username> <password>${password}</password> </server> </servers> <mirrors> <mirror> <id>nexus</id> <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf> <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> </mirror> </mirrors> <profiles> <profile> <id>jdk6</id> <activation> <jdk>1.6</jdk> </activation> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>1.6</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.6</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.6</maven.compiler.compilerVersion> </properties> </profile> </profiles> <activeProfiles> <activeProfile>jdk6</activeProfile> </activeProfiles> </settings> #项目pom.xml #增加以下配置,可以deploy到nexus's releases 或 snapshots <distributionManagement> <repository> <id>nexus</id> <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/repositories/releases/</url> </repository> <snapshotRepository> <id>nexus</id> <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots/</url> </snapshotRepository> </distributionManagement> #增加以下配置,可以deploy到nexus's 3rd party <distributionManagement> <repository> <id>nexus</id> <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/repositories/thirdparty/</url> </repository> </distributionManagement>1.设置字符集
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties>
2.拷贝src/main/resources/资源文件
<build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <executions> <execution> <id>copy-resources</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>copy-resources</goal> </goals> <configuration> <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding> <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/</directory> <includes> <include>*.properties</include> <include>*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build>3.编译代码
<build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <configuration> <source>1.7</source> <target>1.7</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build>
4.编译打包成jar文件
<build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>jar</goal> </goals> <configuration> <classifier>without-configs</classifier> <excludes> <exclude>*.properties</exclude> <exclude>*.xml</exclude> </excludes> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </pluginManagement> </build>
5.构建测试用例配置
<build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.9</version> <configuration> <skip>true</skip> <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build>
6.输出依赖jar文件到指定目录
<build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId> <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId> <version>1.0.0</version> <configuration> <lifecycleMappingMetadata> <pluginExecutions> <pluginExecution> <pluginExecutionFilter> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange> <goals> <goal>copy-dependencies</goal> <goal>unpack</goal> </goals> </pluginExecutionFilter> <action> <ignore /> </action> </pluginExecution> </pluginExecutions> </lifecycleMappingMetadata> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8</version> <executions> <execution> <id>copy-dependencies</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>copy-dependencies</goal> </goals> <configuration> <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory> <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases> <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots> <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build>7.配置指定的repository
<repositories> <repository> <id>cloudera</id> <url>https://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/</url> </repository> </repositories>
8.将应用及其依赖jar文件打成一个jar文件
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <archive> <manifest> <mainClass>org.shirdrn.solr.cloud.index.hadoop.SolrCloudIndexer</mainClass> </manifest> </archive> <descriptorRefs> <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef> </descriptorRefs> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>make-assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
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