对于mongoDB而言，学习方式和学习关系型数据库差不太多

开始都是学习如何insert、find、update、remove，然后就是分页、排序、索引，再接着就是主从复制、副本集、分片等等

最后就是通过它提供的各个驱动（比如Java、PHP、node.js等等）来练习所谓的高级用法

另外：相对于Oracle有PLSQL Developer，MySQL有HeidiSQL

mongoDB也不例外，它的图形化工具中有一款叫做mongoVUE的，我用的是1.5.3破解版（不是每15天就得改一次注册表的那种）

下面演示的就是以Java为例，常见的操作mongoDB API用法

package com.jadyer.test;      import java.net.UnknownHostException;  import java.util.ArrayList;  import java.util.List;      import org.bson.types.ObjectId;  import org.junit.AfterClass;  import org.junit.BeforeClass;  import org.junit.Test;      import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;  import com.mongodb.DB;  import com.mongodb.DBCollection;  import com.mongodb.DBCursor;  import com.mongodb.DBObject;  import com.mongodb.MongoClient;  import com.mongodb.WriteResult;  import com.mongodb.util.JSON;      /**   * mongoDB的Java驱动测试   * @see ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   * @see 配置   * @see 1)下载https://fastdl.mongodb.org/win32/mongodb-win32-x86_64-2008plus-2.6.1.zip   * @see 2)解压到本地硬盘D:\Develop\mongoDB\中,并配置环境变量path=D:\Develop\mongoDB\bin   * @see   然后在CMD下执行此命令验证安装成功与否>mongod --version   * @see 3)建立D:\Develop\mongoDBData\文件夹,用于存放mongoDB数据文件   * @see 4)自定义bat文件,分别用于启动mongoDB数据库和连接数据库的客户端   * @see   启动客户端的mongo_client.bat内容为-->mongo 127.0.0.1:27017/admin   * @see   启动数据库的mongo_db.bat内容为------>mongod --dbpath D:\Develop\mongoDBData --rest   * @see   注:加入[--rest]参数是为了能够访问mongoDB的Web控制台http://127.0.0.1:28017/   * @see ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   * @see Java驱动   * @see 这里要用到mongoDB的Java驱动包,下载地址http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/drivers/java/   * @see ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   * @create May 15, 2014 10:17:30 PM   * @author 玄玉<http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer>   */  public class MongoDBTest {      private static MongoClient mongoClient;      private static DB db;              /**       * 建立数据库连接       */      @BeforeClass      public static void globalInit(){          try {              //mongoClient = new MongoClient(Arrays.asList(new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27017), new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27018), new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27019)));              mongoClient = new MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27017);          } catch (UnknownHostException e) {              System.err.println("mongoDB主机地址有误");          }          db = mongoClient.getDB("mydemo");      }                      /**       * 销毁数据库连接       */      @AfterClass      public static void globalDestroy(){          mongoClient.close();      }                      /**       * 获取数据库信息       */      @Test      public void getMetaData(){          //查询数据库中所有的集合名称          for(String collectionName : db.getCollectionNames()){              System.out.println("mydemo数据库所拥有的集合为:[" + collectionName + "]");          }          //查询某一集合中的数据          DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("person");          DBCursor cursor = collection.find();          try{              while(cursor.hasNext()){                  System.out.println("person集合所拥有的name为--[" + cursor.next().get("name") + "]");              }          }finally{              cursor.close();          }          System.out.println("person集合中的记录数为----------->" + cursor.count());          System.out.println("person集合数据格式化后的JSON串为-->" + JSON.serialize(cursor));      }                      /**       * 创建一个空的"moive"集合       */      @Test      public void createCollection(){          db.createCollection("movie", new BasicDBObject());      }                      /**       * 为"moive"集合添加文档       */      @Test      public void insertDocument(){          DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject();          doc.put("name", "24");          doc.put("season", "ninth");          doc.put("score", 88);          List<String> actorList = new ArrayList<String>();          actorList.add("Jack Bauer");          actorList.add("Counter Terrorist Unit");          doc.put("actor", actorList);          db.getCollection("movie").insert(doc);      }                      /**       * 批量插入文档       */      @Test      public void insertBatchDocument(){          List<DBObject> docList = new ArrayList<DBObject>();          DBObject doc11 = new BasicDBObject("name", "Prison Break").append("season", "fourth").append("score", 99);          DBObject doc22 = new BasicDBObject("name", "Game of Thrones").append("season", "third").append("score", 92);          docList.add(doc11);          docList.add(doc22);          db.getCollection("movie").insert(docList);      }                      /**       * 根据_id删除数据       */      @Test      public void deleteById(){          WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").remove(new BasicDBObject("_id", new ObjectId("5374c6dc5030e0ea4dac8907")));          System.out.println("本次操作影响的记录条数为:" + result.getN());      }                      /**       * 根据条件删除数据       */      @Test      public void deleteByData(){          DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject();          doc.put("name", "Prison Break");          WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").remove(doc);          System.out.println("本次操作影响的记录条数为:" + result.getN());      }                      /**       * 更新数据       * @see 增加email属性       */      @Test      public void update(){          DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject();          doc.put("$set", new BasicDBObject("email", "Jadyer@yeah.net"));          WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").update(new BasicDBObject(), doc, false, true);          System.out.println("本次操作影响的记录条数为:" + result.getN());      }                      /**       * 查询"moive"集合中的key       */      @Test      public void getKey(){          DBObject keys = new BasicDBObject();          keys.put("_id", false);          keys.put("name", true);          //keys.put("score", true);          //第一个参数表示查询条件,第二个参数表示返回的具体key          DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(null, keys);          try{              while(cursor.hasNext()){                  DBObject object = cursor.next();                  System.out.println("查询到的name=" + object.get("name") + ", score=" + object.get("score"));              }          }finally{              cursor.close();          }      }                      /**       * 查询"moive"集合中分数不超过95的key       */      @Test      public void getKeyUseScore(){          DBObject ref = new BasicDBObject();          ref.put("score", new BasicDBObject("$lte", 95));          DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(ref, null);          try{              while(cursor.hasNext()){                  DBObject object = cursor.next();                  System.out.println("查询到的name=" + object.get("name") + ", score=" + object.get("score"));              }          }finally{              cursor.close();          }      }                      /**       * 分页查询       */      @Test      public void limitSkip(){          DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(null, null);          cursor.limit(0).skip(1);          try{              while(cursor.hasNext()){                  DBObject object = cursor.next();                  System.out.println("查询到的name=" + object.get("name"));              }          }finally{              cursor.close();          }      }  }