1. 使用Jetty为嵌入式服务器； 2. 使用ant将web应用打包为runnable.war; 3. 命令行java -jar runnable.war启动web服务。

1.  下载jetty

注意： Jetty 9.x 需要 JDK 1.7 支持。下表是Jetty各版本状态一览。

下载地址： http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/

2.   启动类

package net.codaview;    import java.io.File;  import java.net.URL;  import java.security.ProtectionDomain;    import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;  import org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext;    public class EmbeddedServer {        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {          int port = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("port", "8080"));          Server server = new Server(port);            ProtectionDomain domain = EmbeddedServer.class.getProtectionDomain();          URL warLocation = domain.getCodeSource().getLocation();            WebAppContext webapp = new WebAppContext();          webapp.setContextPath("/");          webapp.setDescriptor(warLocation.toExternalForm() + "/WEB-INF/web.xml");          webapp.setServer(server);          webapp.setWar(warLocation.toExternalForm());          String tempDir = new File(warLocation.getPath()).getParent() + "/tmp";          webapp.setTempDirectory(new File(tempDir));            server.setHandler(webapp);          server.start();          server.join();      }  }

3.   ant脚本

<project>      <target name="war">          <!-- web根路径 -->          <property name="webapp.dir" location="${basedir}/webapp" />          <!-- jetty  -->          <property name="jetty.dir" location="${basedir}/webapp/WEB-INF/jetty" />          <!-- 临时目录 ,放置打包过程中产生的文件 -->          <property name="temp.dir" location="${basedir}/temp" />            <!-- 创建临时目录 -->          <mkdir dir="${temp.dir}" />                    <!-- 拷贝web下所有文件到临时目录 -->          <copy todir="${temp.dir}">              <fileset dir="${webapp.dir}">                  <exclude name="WEB-INF/jetty/*" />                  <exclude name="WEB-INF/tmp/*" />              </fileset>          </copy>                    <!-- 解压jetty -->          <unjar dest="${temp.dir}">              <fileset dir="${jetty.dir}">                  <include name="jetty-continuation-7.6.9.v20130131.jar" />                  <include name="jetty-http-7.6.9.v20130131.jar" />                  <include name="jetty-io-7.6.9.v20130131.jar" />                  <include name="jetty-jmx-7.6.9.v20130131.jar" />                  <include name="jetty-security-7.6.9.v20130131.jar" />                  <include name="jetty-server-7.6.9.v20130131.jar" />                  <include name="jetty-servlet-7.6.9.v20130131.jar" />                  <include name="jetty-util-7.6.9.v20130131.jar" />                  <include name="jetty-webapp-7.6.9.v20130131.jar" />                  <include name="jetty-xml-7.6.9.v20130131.jar" />                  <include name="annotations-api-6.0.37.jar" />                  <include name="catalina-6.0.37.jar" />                  <include name="ecj-4.2.2.jar" />                  <include name="el-api-6.0.37.jar" />                  <include name="jasper-6.0.37.jar" />                  <include name="jasper-el-6.0.37.jar" />                  <include name="javax.servlet.jsp-api-2.2.1.jar" />                  <include name="jsp-api-6.0.37.jar" />                  <include name="juli-6.0.37.jar" />                  <include name="servlet-api-6.0.37.jar" />              </fileset>              <patternset>                  <exclude name="META-INF/**/*" />                  <exclude name="images/**/*" />                  <exclude name=".options" />                  <exclude name="about.html" />                  <exclude name="jetty-dir.css" />                  <exclude name="jdtCompilerAdapter.jar" />                  <exclude name="plugin*" />              </patternset>          </unjar>            <!-- 复制启动类 -->          <copy todir="${temp.dir}">              <fileset dir="${webapp.dir}/WEB-INF/classes" includes="net/codaview/EmbeddedServer.class" />          </copy>            <!-- 创建war包 -->          <war destfile="runnable.war" webxml="${webapp.dir}/web.xml">              <fileset dir="${temp.dir}" includes="**/*" />              <classes dir="${webapp.dir}/WEB-INF/classes" />              <lib dir="${webapp.dir}/WEB-INF/lib" />              <manifest>                  <attribute name="Main-Class" value="net.codaview.EmbeddedServer" />              </manifest>          </war>            <!-- 删除临时目录 -->          <delete dir="${temp.dir}" />      </target>  </project>

4. 运行

java -jar runnable.war

5. 来源 stackoverflow