hadoop版本：hadoop-0.20.205.0-1.i386.rpm 
下载地址：http://www.fayea.com/apache-mirror/hadoop/common/hadoop-0.20.205.0/
jdk版本：jdk-6u35-linux-i586-rpm.bin  

下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk6u35-downloads-1836443.html

 

环境为redhat6.2 32bit
master: 192.169.1.133
slave1: 192.169.1.134
slave2: 192.169.1.135

总体的步骤：
1.修改主机名/etc/hosts（虚拟机拷贝后若不一致要从新修改，从新分发）
2.创建一个普通账户（hadoop），hadoop以此账户运行。
2.root安装jdk
3.修改环境变量
4.安装hadoop，修改配置文件
5.将虚拟机拷贝2份，分别作为slave1，slave2
6.配置ssh，使两两之间，自己登陆自己都免密码
7.用普通账户格式化namenode
8.启动，并观察是否正常运行了


注意两个错误：
1.Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated. 关闭
解决方法：将export HADOOP_HOME_WARN_SUPPRESS=TRUE添加到每个节点的/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh配置文件中。
2.提示不能创建虚拟机错误
#[root@master ~]# /usr/bin/start-all.sh 
namenode running as process 26878. Stop it first.
slave2: starting datanode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/root/hadoop-root-datanode-slave2.out
slave1: starting datanode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/root/hadoop-root-datanode-slave1.out
slave2: Unrecognized option: -jvm
slave2: Could not create the Java virtual machine.
slave1: Unrecognized option: -jvm
slave1: Could not create the Java virtual machine.
master: secondarynamenode running as process 26009. Stop it first.
jobtracker running as process 25461. Stop it first.
slave2: starting tasktracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/root/hadoop-root-tasktracker-slave2.out
slave1: starting tasktracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/root/hadoop-root-tasktracker-slave1.out

解决方法：root不能启动hadoop，需要用普通账户启动。

    ------------------------1.设置主机ip地址映射/etc/hosts-----------------------------        ------------------------2.添加hadoop用户，作为运行hadoop的用户---------------------        ------------------------3.安装jdk并设置环境变量------------------------------------                [chen@master 桌面]$ su - root        密码：        [root@master ~]# useradd hadoop        [root@master ~]# passwd hadoop        更改用户 hadoop 的密码 。        新的 密码：        无效的密码： 过短        无效的密码： 过于简单        重新输入新的 密码：        passwd： 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。        [root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts        [root@master ~]# cat /etc/hosts        192.169.1.133 master        192.169.1.134 slave1        192.169.1.135 slave2        [root@master ~]# cd /home/chen/        [root@master chen]# ls        hadoop-0.20.205.0-1.i386.rpm  公共的  视频  文档  音乐        jdk-6u35-linux-i586-rpm.bin   模板    图片  下载  桌面        [root@master chen]# chmod 744 jdk-6u35-linux-i586-rpm.bin  #给bin执行权限        [root@master chen]# ./jdk-6u35-linux-i586-rpm.bin         Unpacking...        Checksumming...        Extracting...        UnZipSFX 5.50 of 17 February 2002, by Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs@lists.wku.edu).          inflating: jdk-6u35-linux-i586.rpm            inflating: sun-javadb-common-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm            inflating: sun-javadb-core-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm            inflating: sun-javadb-client-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm            inflating: sun-javadb-demo-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm            inflating: sun-javadb-docs-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm            inflating: sun-javadb-javadoc-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm          Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]           1:jdk                    ########################################### [100%]        Unpacking JAR files...            rt.jar...            jsse.jar...            charsets.jar...            tools.jar...            localedata.jar...            plugin.jar...            javaws.jar...            deploy.jar...        Installing JavaDB        Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]           1:sun-javadb-common      ########################################### [ 17%]           2:sun-javadb-core        ########################################### [ 33%]           3:sun-javadb-client      ########################################### [ 50%]           4:sun-javadb-demo        ########################################### [ 67%]           5:sun-javadb-docs        ########################################### [ 83%]           6:sun-javadb-javadoc     ########################################### [100%]                Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed.                Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits:        * Notification of new versions, patches, and updates        * Special offers on Oracle products, services and training        * Access to early releases and documentation                Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration        supports a browser, the JDK Product Registration form will        be presented. If you do not register, none of this information        will be saved. You may also register your JDK later by        opening the register.html file (located in the JDK installation        directory) in a browser.                For more information on what data Registration collects and         how it is managed and used, see:        http://java.sun.com/javase/registration/JDKRegistrationPrivacy.html                Press Enter to continue.....                         Done.        [root@master chen]# vim /etc/profile        [root@master chen]# ls /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_35/        bin        lib          register.html        THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt        COPYRIGHT  LICENSE      register_ja.html        include    man          register_zh_CN.html        jre        README.html  src.zip        [root@master chen]# tail -3 /etc/profile    #设置环境变量        export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_35        export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib        export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH        [root@master chen]#                 -----------------------安装hadoop，修改配置文件-----------------------        #这一步完后后，将虚拟机拷贝两份，分别作为slave1，slave2        #若启动两个拷贝后，ip地址和hosts不一样，要改为实际的ip                [root@master chen]# ls        hadoop-0.20.205.0-1.i386.rpm            公共的        jdk-6u35-linux-i586.rpm                 模板        jdk-6u35-linux-i586-rpm.bin             视频        sun-javadb-client-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm   图片        sun-javadb-common-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm   文档        sun-javadb-core-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm     下载        sun-javadb-demo-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm     音乐        sun-javadb-docs-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm     桌面        sun-javadb-javadoc-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm        [root@master chen]# rpm -ivh hadoop-0.20.205.0-1.i386.rpm         Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]           1:hadoop                 ########################################### [100%]        [root@master chen]# cd /etc/hadoop/        [root@master hadoop]# ls        capacity-scheduler.xml      hadoop-policy.xml      slaves        configuration.xsl           hdfs-site.xml          ssl-client.xml.example        core-site.xml               log4j.properties       ssl-server.xml.example        fair-scheduler.xml          mapred-queue-acls.xml  taskcontroller.cfg        hadoop-env.sh               mapred-site.xml        hadoop-metrics2.properties  masters        [root@master hadoop]# vim hadoop-env.sh                 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_35                [root@master hadoop]# vim core-site.xml         [root@master hadoop]# cat core-site.xml         <?xml version="1.0"?>        <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>                <!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->                <configuration>        <property>        <name>fs.default.name</name>        <value>hdfs://master:9000</value>        </property>        </configuration>                [root@master hadoop]# vim hdfs-site.xml         [root@master hadoop]# cat hdfs-site.xml         <?xml version="1.0"?>        <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>                <!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->                <configuration>        <property>                <name>dfs.replication</name>                <value>2</value>                </property>        </configuration>                [root@master hadoop]# vim mapred-site.xml         [root@master hadoop]# cat mapred-site.xml         <?xml version="1.0"?>        <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>                <!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->                <configuration>        <property>                <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>                <value>hdfs://master:9001</value>                </property>        </configuration>        [root@master hadoop]# cat masters         master        [root@master hadoop]# cat slaves         slave1        slave2        [root@master hadoop]#                         ------------------------下面切换到hadoop用户，设置ssh免密码登陆------------------------------                [hadoop@master ~]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa    #这个步骤在两个从节点上也要做一遍        Generating public/private dsa key pair.        Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_dsa):         Created directory '/home/hadoop/.ssh'.        Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):         Enter same passphrase again:         Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_dsa.        Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.        The key fingerprint is:        6f:88:68:8a:d6:c7:b0:c7:e2:8b:b7:fa:7b:b4:a1:56 hadoop@master        The key's randomart image is:        +--[ DSA 1024]----+        |                 |        |                 |        |                 |        |                 |        |        S        |        |   . E . o       |        |  . @ + . o      |        | o.X B   .       |        |ooB*O            |        +-----------------+        [hadoop@master ~]$ cd .ssh/        [hadoop@master .ssh]$ ls        id_dsa  id_dsa.pub        [hadoop@master .ssh]$ cp id_dsa.pub authorized_keys #必须要将公钥改名为authorized_keys                #编辑authorized_keys文件，将两个从节点中生成的公钥id_dsa.pub中的内容拷贝到authorized_keys中        [hadoop@master .ssh]$ vim authorized_keys               [hadoop@master .ssh]$ exit        logout        [chen@master .ssh]$ su - root        密码：        [root@master ~]# cd /home/hadoop/        [root@master hadoop]# ls        [root@master hadoop]# cd .ssh/        [root@master .ssh]# ls        authorized_keys  id_dsa  id_dsa.pub                 #切换到root，将authorized_keys分别拷贝到两个从节点的/home/hadoop/.ssh下        #这里root拷贝的时候不需要输入密码，因为之前也被我设置免密码了        [root@master .ssh]# scp authorized_keys slave1:/home/hadoop/.ssh/        authorized_keys                                                100% 1602     1.6KB/s   00:00            [root@master .ssh]# scp authorized_keys slave2:/home/hadoop/.ssh/        authorized_keys                                                100% 1602     1.6KB/s   00:00            [root@master .ssh]#                #这样拷贝完后，三台机用hadoop用户ssh登陆就不需要密码了，        #注意，第一次登陆需要，然后再登陆就不需要了，一定要两两之间        #自己登陆自己都走一遍                        -------------------------------格式化并启动hadoop---------------------------        #注意：把三台机的防火墙都关掉测试。        [hadoop@master ~]$ /usr/bin/hadoop namenode -format        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:         /************************************************************        STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode        STARTUP_MSG:   host = master/192.169.1.133        STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-format]        STARTUP_MSG:   version = 0.20.205.0        STARTUP_MSG:   build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-0.20-security-205 -r 1179940; compiled by 'hortonfo' on Fri Oct  7 06:19:16 UTC 2011        ************************************************************/        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 32-bit        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO util.GSet: 2% max memory = 2.475 MB        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^19 = 524288 entries        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO util.GSet: recommended=524288, actual=524288        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner=hadoop        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=100        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isAccessTokenEnabled=false accessKeyUpdateInterval=0 min(s), accessTokenLifetime=0 min(s)        12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times         12/09/01 16:52:24 INFO common.Storage: Image file of size 112 saved in 0 seconds.        12/09/01 16:52:25 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /tmp/hadoop-hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.        12/09/01 16:52:25 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:         /************************************************************        SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at master/192.169.1.133        ************************************************************/        [hadoop@master ~]$ /usr/bin/start-all.sh    #启动信息像下面这样就正常启动了        starting namenode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out        slave2: starting datanode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out        slave1: starting datanode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out        master: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-master.out        starting jobtracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-jobtracker-master.out        slave2: starting tasktracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-slave2.out        slave1: starting tasktracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-slave1.out        #但是通过查看java的进程信息查不到，可能原因有两个：        #1.防火墙没关        #2.若防火墙关了还这样，重启。        [hadoop@master ~]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_35/bin/jps            28499 Jps        [root@master ~]# iptables -F        [root@master ~]# exit        logout        [hadoop@master ~]$ /usr/bin/start-all.sh         starting namenode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out        slave2: starting datanode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out        slave1: starting datanode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out        master: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-master.out        starting jobtracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-jobtracker-master.out        slave2: starting tasktracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-slave2.out        slave1: starting tasktracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-slave1.out        [hadoop@master ~]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_35/bin/jps         30630 Jps        ---------------------------重启后正常了----------------------        ------------------------master节点---------------------------        [hadoop@master ~]$ /usr/bin/start-all.sh         starting namenode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out        slave2: starting datanode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out        slave1: starting datanode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out        master: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-master.out        starting jobtracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-jobtracker-master.out        slave2: starting tasktracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-slave2.out        slave1: starting tasktracker, logging to /var/log/hadoop/hadoop/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-slave1.out        [hadoop@master ~]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_35/bin/jps         3388 JobTracker        3312 SecondaryNameNode        3159 NameNode        3533 Jps                ------------------------salve1---------------------------------                [hadoop@master ~]$ ssh slave1        Last login: Sat Sep  1 16:51:48 2012 from slave2        [hadoop@slave1 ~]$ su - root        密码：        [root@slave1 ~]# iptables -F        [root@slave1 ~]# setenforce 0        [root@slave1 ~]# exit        logout        [hadoop@slave1 ~]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_35/bin/jps         3181 TaskTracker        3107 DataNode        3227 Jps                --------------------------slave2------------------------------        [hadoop@master ~]$ ssh slave2        Last login: Sat Sep  1 16:52:02 2012 from slave2        [hadoop@slave2 ~]$ su - root        密码：        [root@slave2 ~]# iptables -F        [root@slave2 ~]# setenforce 0        [root@slave2 ~]# exit        logout        [hadoop@slave2 ~]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_35/bin/jps         3165 DataNode        3297 Jps        3241 TaskTracker        [hadoop@slave2 ~]$